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paper 3 theme D Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the definition of peace?

A

Absence of conflict leading to happiness and harmony.

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2
Q

What is the definition of justice?

A

Bringing about what is right and fair, according to the law or morality.

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3
Q

What is meant by forgiveness?

A

Letting go of blame and resentment; moving on from wrongdoing.

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4
Q

What is reconciliation?

A

Restoring friendly relations after conflict or disagreement.

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5
Q

What is a religious reason for valuing peace?

A

Peace reflects God’s will (e.g., “Blessed are the peacemakers”).

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6
Q
A
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7
Q

What does “Blessed are the peacemakers” mean?

A

Jesus praised those who promote peace (Matthew 5:9).

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8
Q

Why might some Christians support justice?

A

Why might some Christians support justice?

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9
Q

How do Buddhists view violence?

A

Violence causes suffering and breaks the first precept.

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10
Q

Why do Buddhists avoid war?

A

War generates hatred and prevents enlightenment.

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11
Q

What is pacifism?

A

Belief that all violence is wrong and conflicts should be solved peacefully.

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12
Q

What is a Christian argument for pacifism?

A

Jesus taught to turn the other cheek (Matthew 5:39).

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13
Q

What is a Buddhist argument for pacifism?

A

Ahimsa (non-harm) is central to Buddhist practice.

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14
Q

What is a holy war?

A

War fought for a religious cause, often with religious leaders’ approval.

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15
Q

Give an example of a Christian view supporting holy war

A

Some Christians believe fighting for God’s cause can be justified (e.g., Old Testament).

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16
Q

Why might Christians oppose holy war today?

A

Jesus promoted peace, not violence.

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17
Q

What is a just war?

A

War that meets certain ethical conditions to be considered morally acceptable.

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18
Q

Name two Christian just war rules

A

Must be started by proper authority; must have just cause.

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19
Q

Why do some Christians reject just war theory?

A

They believe no war can ever be truly just or moral.

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20
Q

What is terrorism?

A

Use of violence to achieve political or religious goals.

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21
Q

How do most Christians respond to terrorism?

A

It is wrong because it harms innocent people and spreads fear.

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22
Q

What is a modern example of peaceful protest?

A

Martin Luther King Jr.’s civil rights campaigns.

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23
Q

How might Buddhists protest injustice?

A

Peacefully, using meditation, speeches, and civil disobedience.

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24
Q

Why is peace a key aim of Buddhist practice?

A

Peace of mind is necessary for enlightenment.

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25
What is nuclear deterrence?
Having nuclear weapons to discourage attack.
26
Why might Christians oppose nuclear weapons?
They cause mass destruction and kill innocent lives.
27
Give a Buddhist argument against nuclear weapons
They cause large-scale suffering and violate ahimsa.
28
What is the Christian teaching on loving enemies?
“Love your enemies” – Matthew 5:44.
29
How might Christians support victims of war?
Through charity work, prayer, and practical aid (e.g., Christian Aid).
30
What is the meaning of “eye for eye”?
Used to justify proportional justice but Jesus rejected retaliation.
31
How do Buddhists respond to war and conflict?
They seek peaceful solutions and show compassion to all sides.
32
How do Buddhists support war victims?
Through metta (loving-kindness) and dana (generosity).
33
What is peace according to Christianity?
Jesus always promoted peace despite biblical violence.
34
What is peace according to buddhism?
Peace is always promoted for both individuals and society.
35
Why is justice important in Christianity?
Because God is just and expects humans to treat each other justly.
36
How do Buddhists view justice?
Buddhism sees injustice as a cause of dukkha. Many teachings focus on fair, compassionate treatment and active efforts to reduce injustice.
37
Why is forgiveness vital in Christianity?
Forgiveness reflects grace and mercy. Jesus died for human sin and taught others to forgive.
38
Why is forgiveness vital in Buddhism?
It allows release of hatred (one of the 3 poisons) and leads to compassion and wisdom.
39
How does Christianity teach reconciliation?
Reconciliation between humans and God is key (after sin). Jesus said "love your enemies". Catholics perform reconciliation as a sacrament.
40
How does Buddhism teach reconciliation?
Buddhism teaches repairing broken relationships, even after serious harm (e.g., story of Angulimala).
41
Why do wars sometimes occur (3 reasons)?
Greed, self-defence, retaliation.
42
Christian view on war for greed?
Wrong: "The love of money is the root of all evil."
43
Buddhist view on war for greed?
Wrong: Greed is a root of unskilful actions.
44
Christian view on war for self-defence?
Sometimes allowed to defend the weak: "Defend the weak and fatherless."
45
Buddhist view on war for self-defence?
Generally wrong due to ahimsa and First Precept, but may be tolerated if it reduces dukkha.
46
Christian view on retaliation in war?
Split: ✗ "Turn the other cheek" ✓ "Eye for an eye" for proportional response
47
What is Just War Theory?
A set of Christian-based criteria that aim to ensure war is morally justified (just cause, last resort, declared by authority, etc.).
48
Why do some Christians support Just War Theory?
Protects the weak, allows war only as last resort.
49
Why do some Christians oppose Just War Theory?
Too many civilians suffer, criteria are hard to meet.
50
Why do Buddhists reject Just War Theory?
It promotes violence and opposes teachings like ahimsa, metta, and karuna.
51
What is a Holy War?
A religiously motivated war believed to offer spiritual rewards (e.g., forgiveness, heaven).
52
Christian example of a Holy War?
The Crusades – to claim Jerusalem. Pope promised forgiveness for those who died fighting.
53
Why do most Buddhists reject Holy War?
It causes violence and breaks the First Precept.
54
What is pacifism?
The belief that violence and war are always wrong; issues should be resolved peacefully.
55
Christian arguments for pacifism?
"Do not resist an evil person", "Those who draw the sword die by the sword".
56
Christian arguments against pacifism?
"Eye for an eye", Jesus used force in the temple – could justify violent protest.
57
Why do Buddhists support pacifism?
Aligns with teachings of non-violence (ahimsa), metta, and karuna.
58
Name examples of religiously motivated violence.
Manchester bombing, 9/11, The Troubles.
59
Who is Sister Chan Khong and what did she do?
A Vietnamese Buddhist nun promoting peace via engaged Buddhism, Paris Peace Talks 1969, mindfulness, and global peace campaigns.
60
Who are The Peace People and what did they do?
A 1976 group promoting peace in Northern Ireland, used marches and won the Nobel Peace Prize.
61
Religious responses to victims of war include...
Shelter, food, clean water, rebuilding, education, emotional and medical support.
62
What is Christian Aid and what does it do?
A Christian organisation providing war relief, tackling injustice, and reducing poverty (e.g. Haiti, Afghanistan, East Africa).
63
What is the Tzu Chi Foundation and what does it do?
A Buddhist organisation offering war relief, schools, medical aid, and disaster response (e.g. Ukraine, Nepal, Pakistan).
64
Types of Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMDs)?
Biological (disease) Chemical (poison) Nuclear (massive explosions)
65
Arguments for nuclear weapons?
Act as a deterrent, make nations feel safer, boost international status.
66
Arguments against nuclear weapons?
Indiscriminate, kill innocents, long-term environmental damage.
67
Christian views on WMDs?
For: Self-defence, "Eye for an eye". Against: Harm to innocents, "Do not repay evil for evil".
68
Buddhist views on WMDs?
For: To defend Buddhism/survival (rare). Against: Cause suffering, break ahimsa, widespread campaigns to ban WMDs.

PRC (8 decks)

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