Paper 1 cardiovascular Flashcards
(14 cards)
How does oxygenated blood flow through the heart
The Pulmonary vein empties blood from the lungs into the left atrium of the heart.
The left atrium CONTRACTS and blood flows from the left atrium to the left ventricle.
blood flows from the atrium to the left ventricle through the open bicuspid valve.
when the ventricle becomes full the valve closes preventing back flow
The left ventricle then contracts and forces blood into the aorta which distributes the oxygenated blood around the body.
How does deoxygenated blood flow through the heart
Deoxygenated blood from the body enters the heart through the inferior and superior vena cava into the right atrium of the heart.
The right atrium contracts and blood flows from the right atrium into the right ventricle. This happens through the open tricuspid valve.
When the right ventricle is full the tricuspid valve shuts preventing back-flow.
As the right ventricle contracts blood flows into the pulmonary artery and to the lungs where it is oxygenated.
What does Systole mean
The heart emptying with blood
What does diastole mean
Heart fills with blood.
what are the four stages of the cardiac cycle.
Phase 1- Arterial diastole- The upper chambers of the heart fill with blood
Phase 2- ventricular diastole- The AV valves open and the ventricles now fill with blood.
Phase 3- atrial systole- To ensure all the blood is ejected into the ventricles the artria contract
phase 4- ventricular systole- the pressure in the ventricles exceeds that in the aorta and the pulmonary artery semilunar valves contract forcing the blood out.
What is venous return
The flow of blood through the veins back to the heart.
What is vascular shunting
The redirection of the cardiac output during exercise. Taking more blood to the working muscles and less to others
What is resting heart rate
A normal resting heartrate for and adult ranges from 60-100 beats a minute. Generally a lower heart rate at rest implies more efficient heart function and better cardiovascular fitness
what is working heart rate
measures an individual HR max taking into account intensity
What is Heart rate reserve
is the difference between resting heart rate and maximum heart rate and is often used as a method off setting up individual training programes
what is recovery heart rate
the hearts ability to return to normal levels after physical activity. Fitness levels and proper function of your heart are mesured by the recovery phase
what is stroke volume
The amount of blood pumped out of the heart per beat, measured in millimetres per heart beat.
what is end diastolic volumes
The volume of blood in the heart when finished filling
