Paper 1 unit 2 Respiritory system Flashcards
(21 cards)
What is Partial pressure
The pressure a gas exerts within a mixture of gases.
Outline the mechanical process of inspiration at rest
External intercostal muscles contract
Diaphragm contracts (becomes flatter)
ribs and sternum move up and outwards
increase in chest capacity volume
lung volume increases
increase in cues cavity volume
Outline the mechanical process of inspiration during exercise
Others still correct ( I think)
Additional muscles in the chest and torso contract
chest cavity volume further increased
more air forced into the lungs
outline the mechanical process of expiration at rest
external intercostal muscles relax - a passive process
diaphragm relaxes domes upwards into chest
ribs and sternum move downwards and inwards
decrease in chest cavity volume
lung volume decreases
compresses elastic pulmonary tissue
outline the mechanical process of expiration during exercise
all the others apply (I think)
More pulmonary air is forced out the lungs
chest cavity volume is further reduced
internal intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles contract powerful acting on ribs and body cavity
what is the larynx
houses the vocal chords in the respiratory system
What is the nasal cavity
Warms/moistens the air and allows it to be inhaled. A part of the respiratory system
what is the trachea
provides air flow basically the wind pipe. A part of the respiratory system
what is the broncus
A large airway that leads from the trachea (windpipe) to a lung. A part of the respiratory system
what is a pressure gradient
When there’s a difference in neighbouring or adjoining pressures.
What is tidal volume
The amount air normally breathed in/ out with each breath
Typical resting value 500ml
Change during exercise increases
What is minute ventilation
The volume of air inspired/ expired in each minute
Typical resting value 6L a min
Change during exercise increases
what is residual volume
The volume of air that remains ion the lungs after maximal expiration
Typical resting value 1200ml
Change during exercise remains almost the same but may change slightly
What is expiratory reserve volume
The amount of air that can be expired on top of tidal volume
Typical resting value 1200ml
Change during exercise decreases
What is inspiratory reserve volume
The amount air that can be inspred on top of tidal volume
Typical resting value 3100ml
Change during exercise decreases
What is vital capacity
The Maximum volume of air that can be expired following maximal inspiration
Typical resting value 4800 ml
Change during exercise increases
What is total lung capacity
The amount of air that can be held in the lungs following maximal inspiration
Typical resting value 6000ml
Change during exercise Remains the same
What is the impact of smoking on respiration
Risk of asthma
Risk of lung cancer
decreased ability to be active
damaged alveoli
What happens at the alveoli during exercise
Oxygen moves from a highly concentrated area (alveoli) where it has high partial pressure to an area of low concentration ( the blood ) where the partial pressure is lower. C02 diffuses in the other direction.
Why is gas exchange efficient
Large number of alveoli
Large number of capillaries
Thin membrane between alveoli and capillaries
