Paper 2 Predictions Flashcards
(24 cards)
What landforms are found on the Norfolk coast?
Spits (e.g. Blakeney), cliffs (e.g. Happisburgh), beaches, and sand dunes.
What coastal processes form spits?
Longshore drift moves sediment along the coast; deposition occurs where the coastline changes direction.
How is the Norfolk coast managed?
Sea walls and groynes at Cromer; managed retreat at Happisburgh.
What is managed retreat?
Allowing areas to flood naturally to reduce pressure on defended areas.
What landforms are found along the River Parrett?
Meanders, floodplains, levees, and estuary features.
What causes meanders to form?
Lateral erosion on the outside bend and deposition on the inside bend.
What flood management is used on the River Parrett?
Dredging, raised banks, and tidal barrier near Bridgwater.
Why is the River Parrett prone to flooding?
Low-lying land, heavy rainfall, and slow drainage.
How has migration changed London?
Increased cultural diversity, services, and housing demand.
What challenges does London face?
Housing shortage, traffic congestion, and inequality.
What is an example of regeneration in London?
Stratford (Olympic Park): new housing, transport links, and jobs.
How is urban growth managed in London?
Greenbelt protection, brownfield redevelopment, and public transport improvements.
What is urban regeneration?
Redevelopment of run-down areas to improve housing, environment, and economy (e.g. Stratford).
Why was regeneration needed in Stratford?
Industrial decline left brownfield sites, high unemployment, and poor housing.
What were the benefits of Stratford’s regeneration?
New homes, transport links (e.g. Jubilee line), green space, Westfield shopping centre.
What are the negatives of Stratford regeneration?
Gentrification — original residents pushed out by higher rents.
How is London made more sustainable?
Investment in public transport, energy-efficient buildings, and greenbelt protection.
What are the two main types of coastal management?
Hard engineering (e.g. sea walls) and soft engineering (e.g. managed retreat).
What is the purpose of groynes?
Trap sediment to build up beaches and reduce erosion from longshore drift.
Why is Happisburgh using managed retreat?
Cost of defending soft cliffs is too high; land value is low.
What landform is formed by longshore drift and deposition?
Spit (e.g. Blakeney on the Norfolk coast).
Why is the River Parrett prone to flooding?
Flat land, impermeable soils, heavy rainfall, and tidal influences.
What management strategy is used on the River Parrett?
Dredging to increase river capacity and reduce flood risk.
What are the pros and cons of dredging?
Increases capacity short-term, but expensive and not sustainable long-term.
