Past Paper Questions (Paper 1) Flashcards
(20 cards)
Explain one reason why some areas have high annual rainfall.
Low pressure areas have high rainfall totals.
Here, warm air rises, cools and water vapour condenses forming clouds.
Explain one reason why tectonic plates move.
Convection currents (1) cause rising and falling magma (1) in a
continuous cycle (1).
What is neo colonialism?
When developed countries have indirect control over emerging/developing countries.
Explain two advantages of bottom-up strategies in a named megacity in a
developing or emerging country.
RIO
Bottom-up strategies tend to have a low cost (1) this ensures that even
the poorest societies / people can benefit from them (1).
They use appropriate technology (1) which can easily be repaired /
used/ maintained by local people (1).
Explain two ways in which changes in the area of Arctic ice may have
consequences for people.
Melting Arctic ice will lead to rises in sea levels (1) which may result
in coastal flooding (1).
Melting Arctic ice can result in the release of methane from
permafrost (1) leading to further global warming (1).
Explain two reasons why tropical cyclones lose their energy.
When tropical storms reach land (1), they no longer have access to
warm water which is their source of power (1).
Tropical storms lose energy when they move into areas of cooler
water (1). They require water with a temperature of above 26.5
degrees Celsius (1).
Explain how Rostow’s modernisation theory can be used to understand how
countries develop over time.
Rostow states that countries begin with a traditional society which involves subsistence agriculture (1)
Countries then invest in technology which enables them to
prepare for the take-off stage (1).
This often involves rapid industrialisation and further increase in investment (1).
Explain one advantage of using intermediate technology.
Intermediate technology makes use of local materials (1) which are cheap and easily
available (1).
Explain two ways economic development can lead to water pollution.
Industrial activity (1) can release chemicals into local water sources (1).
Increasing urban populations can put stress on sanitation systems(1) which can result
in untreated sewerage entering local rivers (1).
Suggest one reason for the differences in the annual rate of growth of urban populations.
In some countries, there may be more rapid rates of rural to urban
migration (1) due to investment in urban locations from TNCs (1).
Explain two reasons why there is a high percentage of people working in informal employment in cities in developing countries.
In developing world cities there is a lack of formal jobs (1) caused
by rapid rural-urban migration (1).
In developing world cities people often lack the skills required in
formal jobs (1) because of a poor education (1).
For a named megacity in either a developing or an emerging country, assess the reasons why the quality of life varies so much.
Social inequality
Employment opportunities
Crime and safety
Urban planning and infrastructure
Explain one cause of a tsunami.
Tsunami can be caused by earthquakes (1) caused by plate
movement. (1)
Explain one reason why informal employment has grown rapidly in some cities.
There are not enough jobs in the formal sector (1) to cater for rapid
population growth caused by migration (1).
For a named megacity, explain why the quality of life varies between different
residential areas.
Levels of pollution can vary between residential areas (1).
Air (water) pollution is often higher close to industrial areas (1) this negatively impacts
on human health.
For a named megacity, assess the different strategies used to improve sustainability.
Favela Bairro Project
Public transport improvements
Energy and waste management
Explain one reason why some areas are arid (have low rainfall).
High pressure areas are dry/arid (1).
In these areas clouds rarely form (1)
Explain two reasons why de-industrialisation may occur.
Cheaper labour costs overseas (1) resulting in industries relocating
overseas/offshoring (1).
The growth of tertiary / quaternary industries (1) can lead to jobs in
manufacturing becoming less attractive (1).
For a named megacity, evaluate the success of different top-down development strategies
Favela Pacification Programme (UPP). (Reduce gang crime - temporarily successful but when police moved out gangs moved back in)
Transport improvements for the 2016 Olympics. (New roads - partially successful but was unevenly distributed)
The sanitation and water infrastructure projects (corruption and lack of maintenance has hindered long term success)
Explain one reason why earthquakes can be very destructive.
High magnitude earthquakes (1) can cause buildings to collapse (1)
causing people to die (1).
