Paper 3: Part 2 - Ethics

Question 1

What is CARDUD?

Answer 1

C - consent
A - anoynmity
R - right to withdrawal
D - deception
U - undue stress
D - debriefing

Question 2

What are the two positions in carrying out research in psychology?

Answer 2

The objective approach:
- the researcher should remain value-free and unbiased when conducting their investigations
- objectivity is a feature of science, and if something is objective it is not affected by the personal feelings and experiences of the researcher
- the objective approach argues that when psychologists become activists, their own biases may affect the validity of their research

The humanistic approach:
- sometimes called the “social activism” approach
- humanists promote the ethical use of psychological knowledge and research, in their efforts to address economic, racial, and gender-based injustices and other forms of oppression

Question 3

What is justice & equitable treatment?

Answer 3

• unjust treatment includes publishing an idea that leads to prejudice against a group
• also withholding treatment that you believe is beneficial from some participants so that you can use them as controls

Question 4

What is sound & valid methodology?

Answer 4

• when research findings are publicized, people are likely to take them as fact and policies may be based on them
• It is important that the limitations of the studies are explicitly communicated to all constituents

Question 5

What is deception?

Answer 5

• it is important that findings are stated precisely and cautiously to avoid misunderstandings or misinterpretations of the research
• any misrepresentations of the findings by policymakers or the media should be directly addressed by the researchers

Question 6

What is reflexivity?

Answer 6

• researchers should be aware of how their findings may be used by others
• they should make explicit the assumptions underlying their research so that the public can consider whether they agree with these
• they should be aware of their own values and biases and how they may have influenced their findings