paper 3 research and findings

Question 1

David Reimer

Answer 1

case study - castration accident and socialised as a girl until post puberty, felt uncomfortable in his body due to influx of male hormones in his late teens and found out the truth so reverted back to original male identity
shows how innate biological makeup is stronger than social influence

Question 2

Macoby and Jacklin - chromosomes and hormones

Answer 2

found more differences within the sexes rather than between the genders - biological explanation ignores other factors
this could be explained by environmental and social factors which could explain cultural differences in gender

Question 3

Herlihy - atypical chromosome patterns

Answer 3

australian study of 87 individuals with Kleinfelters syndrome - found that those who has been identified and treated from a young age had significantly better benefits in management compared to adults who had been diagnosed

Question 4

Boada - atypical chromosomes patterns

Answer 4

many people with Kelinfelters do not experience significant physical or psychological issues
overexaggerates the issues with the conditions and research is unrepresentative

Question 5

McConaghy - Kohlberg cognitive theory

Answer 5

presented children 3-5 with dolls wearing transparent clothing so their genitals were visible - when asked to identify the gender children used the clothes to judge it rather than the genatialia - supports gender stability of Kohlberg’s theory

Question 6

Munroe - Kohlberg cognitive theory

Answer 6

conducted cross cultural studies where children from different cultures were assessed on their understanding of gender concepts
Found that children across different cultures appear to progress through Kohlbergs stages

Question 7

Martin and Halverson - gender schema

Answer 7

• shows images of either men or women displaying gender appropriate or inappropriate behaviours
  when asked to recall more likely to remember the gender appropriate behaviours
  also found many children changed the gender to fit the expectations of the schemas

Question 8

Cherry - gender schema theory

Answer 8

gender schemas explain how cultural differences of gender roles transmit through societies
children are likely to form schemas which adopt parents and cultures traditions and beliefs