Paper2 Biopsychology

Question 1

Nervous system

Answer 1

Nerve cells that transmit messages between parts of the body

Question 2

Central nervous system

Answer 2

Brain and spinal cord
Conscious

Question 3

Peripheral nervous systems

Answer 3

Sensory neurons to CNS
motor neurons away from CNS

Question 4

Somatic nervous system

Answer 4

Controls muscle movement
Conscious

Question 5

Autonomic nervous system

Answer 5

Controls actions of glands and internal organs
Motor pathways only
Unconscious

Question 6

Sensory neurons

Answer 6

Travel towards CNS

Question 7

Relay neurons

Answer 7

Sensory and motor communication
Not myelinated

Question 8

Motor neurons

Answer 8

Attached to muscle glands (effector)
Away from CNS

Question 9

Hypothalamus

Answer 9

Stimulates release of hormones from pituitary gland

Question 10

Pituitary gland

Answer 10

ACTH hormone
Releases cortisol as stress response

Question 11

Pineal gland

Answer 11

Hormone melatonin
Biological rhythms like sleep

Question 12

Thyroid gland

Answer 12

Hormone thyroxine
Regulates metabolism

Question 13

Adrenal gland

Answer 13

Adrenaline and noradrenaline hormones
Fight or flight

Question 14

Ovaries

Answer 14

Oestrogen, LH, FSH
Regulates female productivity system

Question 15

Testes

Answer 15

Testosterone
Male growth and characteristics

Question 16

Amygdala

Answer 16

Limbic system activated and sends distress signal to hypothalamus

Question 17

What does the hypothalamus activate?

Answer 17

Sympathomedullary pathway (SAM)

Question 18

What does the sympathetic nervous system stimulate?

Answer 18

Adrenal medulla part of the adrenal gland

Question 19

Localisation of the brain

Answer 19

Different areas of the brain deal with different cortical functions

Question 20

Gyrus

Answer 20

Ridge

Question 21

Sulcus

Answer 21

Trough

Question 22

Corpus callosum

Answer 22

Joins left and right side of brain

Question 23

Cerebral cortex

Answer 23

Higher brain function
4 lobes

Question 24

Limbic system

Answer 24

“Emotion brain”
Regulates autonomic and endocrine functions in response to emotions

Question 25

Cerebellum

Answer 25

Coordinates voluntary movement

Question 26

Brain stem

Answer 26

Regulates important function

Question 27

Frontal lobe

Answer 27

Motor cortex Brocas area Association cortex

Question 28

Parietal lobe

Answer 28

Somatosensory cortex Association cortex

Question 29

Occipital lobe

Answer 29

Visual cortex

Question 30

Temporal lobe

Answer 30

Auditory cortex Wernickes area

Question 31

Ultradian rhythm

Answer 31

Repeats more than every 24 hours

Question 32

Circadian rhythm

Answer 32

Repeats every 24 hours

Question 33

Infradian rhythm

Answer 33

Repeats less that every 24 hours

Question 34

Temporal resolution

Answer 34

Level of accuracy identifying exact location of brain

Question 35

Spatial resolution

Answer 35

Level of accuracy identifying location of brain activity in a space

Question 36

Endogenous pacemaker

Answer 36

Body's biological clock

Question 37

Exogenous zeitgeber

Answer 37

Changes in environment

Question 38

Plasticity

Answer 38

Brain adapts to change in environment Function and structure

Question 39

(FRAT) Step 1 Denervation super sensitivity

Answer 39

Transfer of functions from damaged area to undamaged area

Question 40

(FRAT) Step 2 Neuronal unmasking

Answer 40

Nearby damage is compensated for by synapse

Question 41

(FRAT) Step 3 Axon sprouting

Answer 41

New nerve endings connect with undamaged cells New connections activated

Question 42

Synaptic pruning

Answer 42

Synapses used frequently become stronger overtime

Question 43

Grey matter

Answer 43

Contains cell bodies

Question 44

White matter

Answer 44

Myelinated axons

Question 45

Broca's area

Answer 45

Speech production Frontal lobe

Question 46

Wernicke's area

Answer 46

Speech comprehension Temporal lobe

Question 47

Hemispheric lateralisation

Answer 47

Each halve of brain is functionally different

Question 48

Left brain

Answer 48

Language

Question 49

Right brain

Answer 49

Visual motor tasks

Question 50

Acute stress

Answer 50

Form of stress as a response to immediate pressures

Question 51

Chronic stress

Answer 51

Long term form of stress Emotional pressure

Question 52

Fight or flight response

Answer 52

Stressful situation Hypothalamus activates sympathedullary pathway (SAM) in the SNS Adrenal medulla in adrenal gland stimulated Adrenaline secreted into bloodstream

Question 53

Androcentrism

Answer 53

Theories based on only men

Question 54

Beta bias

Answer 54

Theories that ignore sex differences

Question 55

Depolarisation

Answer 55

Positively changed ions into cell so closer to threshold Excitatory neurotransmitters

Question 56

Sympathetic nervous system

Answer 56

Fight or flight

Question 57

Parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 57

Rest and digest

Question 58

Hyperpolarisation

Answer 58

More negative charge so further from threshold Inhibitory neurotransmitters

Question 59

Hyperpolarisation

Answer 59

More negative charge so further from threshold Inhibitory neurotransmitters