Paper2 Approaches Flashcards
Environmental determinism
Behaviour is a result of experience
Positive reinforcement
Adding positive stimulus to encourage desired behaviour
Negative reinforcement
Removing unpleasant stimulus to encourage behaviour
Positive punishment
Adding unpleasant stimulus following undesired behaviour
Negative punishment
Removing positive stimulus
SLT definition
Learning behaviour by observing it happen in a social context
Vicarious reinforcement
Watching someone else get punished for action so less likely to adopt behaviour
Modelling
People we want to learn behaviours from
Identification
Imitating models with similar characteristics to oneself
Mediational processes
Attention
Retention
Reproduction
Motivation
Conscious
Thoughts we are aware of
Preconscious
Thoughts that are not immediately accessible but bought into conscious awareness
id
Survival
Selfish needs and desires
At birth
Ego
Reality principle
Mediator
Superego
Morality principle
Guilt
Moderate behaviour to moral expectations
Oral stage
0-1year
Fixation results in immature personality
Anal stage
1-3year
Too strict at potty training results in retentive personality
Phallic stage
3-6year
Imitates gather behaviour
Penis envy
Boys have sexual desire for their mother
Defence mechanisms
Ego managing unresolvable problems
Denial
Displacement
Repression
Maslows hierarchy
Top:
Self actualisation
Esteem needs
Love and belongings
Safety
Physiological needs
Genotypes
Genetic code for characterises
Phenotype
Physical expression for genotype
Congruence
Carl Rogers
Self image and ideal self aligns
Congruence
Carl Rogers
Self image and ideal self aligns
