Paper1 Memory

Question 1

Frontal lobe

Answer 1

Personality stored here

Question 2

Parietal lobe

Answer 2

Sensory info and movement

Question 3

Occipital lobe

Answer 3

Vision

Question 4

Temporal lobe

Answer 4

Speaking and language

Question 5

Memory

Answer 5

Ability to retain knowledge

Question 6

Short term memory

Answer 6

Information recalled for immediate use after short period of time

Storage 18-30 secs
Capacity 7+/-2
Coding acoustic

Question 7

Long term memory

Answer 7

Information stored to retrieve at a later point

Unlimited capacity
Unlimited duration
Coding semantic

Question 8

Capacity

Answer 8

Amount of information that can be held in a store at one time

Question 9

Duration

Answer 9

Length of time memories can be held for

Question 10

Encoding

Answer 10

Information represented in memory store
Eg) acoustic/ecoic. Visual/iconic,semantic

Question 11

Spontaneous decay

Answer 11

Memory trace disappears if not rehearsed

Question 12

Displacement

Answer 12

Short term memory has limited capacity
New info pushes out current info

Question 13

Multi store model of memory

Answer 13

Explanation of how memory processes work by linking STM and LTM via attention, rehearsal and retrieval

Atkinson and Shiffrin(1968)

Question 14

Sensory register

Answer 14

Duration less that half a second

Processes stimuli from the environment
Iconic and echoic stores

Huge capacity

Question 15

Maintenance rehearsal

Answer 15

Repeating information to ourselves repeatedly

Helps memory consolidation

Question 16

Central executive

Answer 16

Processes info in all sensory forms directing it to appropriate component

Separated into sub-components

Limited capacity

Question 17

Phonological loop

Answer 17

Processes auditory information

Two sub systems: acoustic store
Articulatory process

Question 18

Visio spatial sketchpad

Answer 18

Temporarily stores visual and spatial information
(Visual cache and inner scribe)

Coded and rehearsed through mental pictures

Question 19

Episodic buffer

Answer 19

Stores visual and acoustic info until recalled

Added in 2000 (Baddeley)

Question 20

Episodic memory

Answer 20

Ability to learn and store and retrieve personal experiences
Conscious recall
Unconsciously learnt

Question 21

Procedural memory

Answer 21

Process of retrieval to perform a learnt skill
Unconscious recall
Consciously learnt

Question 22

Semantic memory

Answer 22

Conscious LTM for meaning and understanding and concepts
Damage to hippocampus means difficulty remembering

Question 23

Spontaneous decay

Answer 23

Memory trace disappears if not rehearsed

Question 24

Displacement

Answer 24

STM has limited capacity and new information replaces old information

Question 25

Interference

Answer 25

Two pieces of information interfere with eachother

Question 26

Proactive interference

Answer 26

Old info interferes with new info

Question 27

Retroactive interference

Answer 27

New info interferes with old info

Question 28

Context cues

Answer 28

Learn info

Question 29

State cues

Answer 29

Recall

Question 30

Encoding sufficiency principle (ESP)

Answer 30

Cue has to be present at encoding and at retrieval to help with recall Tulving (1983)

Question 31

Implicit memory (LTM)

Answer 31

Memories that are not part of our consciousness Formed from behaviour Procedural memory

Question 32

Explicit (declarative) memory (LTM)

Answer 32

Conscious recall of facts and events Splits into episodic and semantic memory

Question 33

Procedural memory

Answer 33

Stored information about how to do things Unconscious

Question 34

Semantic memory

Answer 34

Knowledge about Language

Question 35

Episodic memory

Answer 35

Information about personal experience and visual imagery

Question 36

Primacy effect

Answer 36

Tendency to remember words from beginning to end

Question 37

Recency effect

Answer 37

Tendency to remember words from the end

Question 38

Time sensitivity

Answer 38

Interference less likely when large gap between learning

Question 39

Similarity

Answer 39

Response competition so interference more likely to occur if info is similar

Question 40

Cue dependent forgetting

Answer 40

LTM info forgotten due to lack of cues

Question 41

Context dependent cues

Answer 41

Environment works as cues to memory