Papillomaviridae

Question 1

Describe the genome of Papillomaviridae

Answer 1

Circular DSDNA

nonenveloped, can be oncogenic

Question 2

Papillomaviuses produce _______ on the skin and mucuous membranes of most animal species

Answer 2

WARTS

Question 3

Benign neoplasms that hyperplastic epithelial growths that generally regress spontaneously

Answer 3

WARTS

Question 4

T/F:

Benign warts may progress to malignancy

Answer 4

True

Example: HPV can cause cervical carcinoma in women

Question 5

Papillomaviruses infect __________ in the ________ layer of the epithelium

Answer 5

Papillomaviruses infect keratinocytes in the basal layer of the epithelium

Question 6

Virus accumulation is most noticeable in the _________ __________ layer of epithelium

Answer 6

stratum granulosum

Question 7

Virions of Papillomaviruses are typically shed from the ________-most layers of epithelium

Answer 7

upper-most

Question 8

In *Papillomaviruses *

benign warts have ___________ (unintegrated) DNA

Answer 8

EPISOMAL

Question 9

In Papillomaviruses

malignant cancers have DNA that is _________ into the host DNA,

Answer 9

INTEGRATED

This means integration is necessary for malignant transformation

Question 10

In Papillomaviruses

integration disrupts one of the early genes, _______, which is a viral repressor

Answer 10

E2

is a viral repressor

Question 11

Which 2 viral oncogenes in Papillomaviruses

remain intact and cause the malignant transformation

Answer 11

The viral oncogenes are

E6 and E7

Question 12

What is the job of viral oncogene E6 in Papillomaviruses?

Answer 12

**E6 **prevents p53 from doing apoptosis on damaged cells

Question 13

What is the job of viral oncogene **E7 **in Papillomaviruses?

Answer 13

E7 binds to Rb and prevents it from stopping damaged cell proliferation

Question 14

Bovine Papillomaviruses can affect these 2 species

Answer 14

Cows and Horses too!

Question 15

Intestinal papillomas are caused by Type _____ Bovine Papillomavirus

Answer 15

Type 4

Question 16

Sarcoids in horses are caused by which 2 Papillomaviruses?

Answer 16

Bovine papillomavirus 1 and 2

cause sarcoids in horses

Question 17

Which species of animal is known to get oral papilloma Type 1?

Answer 17

DOGS!

Question 18

Type _____ Canine Papillomavirus causes endophytic papillomas

Answer 18

Type 2

Question 19

Warts are more commonly seen in _________ than in any other domestic species

Answer 19

bovines

Question 20

Benign warts that present as large, cauliflower-like growths with a

fibrous core covered with stratified squamous epithelium

with the outer layers keratinized

Answer 20

Fibropapillomas

Question 21

Which types of Bovine Papillomaviruses cause

fibropapillomas?

Answer 21

Bovine Papillomaviruses

**1, 2, **and 5

cause

fibropapillomas (cauliflower growths)

Question 22

Fibropapillomas are found frequently on the penis

but NOT on the prepuce in this species

Answer 22

Young Bulls

get fibropapillomas on their penises, but NOT their prepuces

Question 23

*Bovine Papillomavirus *Type 3 causes _______ papillomas

Answer 23

cutaneous

Question 24

What is the difference between a fibropapilloma and a cutaneous papilloma?

Answer 24

Cutaneous papillomas lack a fibrous core

and fibropapillomas are caused by Bovine Types 1, 2, and 5

while cutaneous papillomas are caused by Bovine Type 3 only

Question 25

**Bracken Fern** is associated with *Bovine Papillomavirus* Type \_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 25

**Bracken Fern** is associated with **Type 4**

Question 26

Type **4** *Bovine Papillomavirus* can cause **invasive carcinoma of the** ## Footnote **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ tract**

Answer 26

**_alimentary_**** tract cancer** ## Footnote **caused by Type 4** **which is associated with Bracken Fern ingestion**

Question 27

This plant contains *carcinogens, mutagens, and immunosuppressive chemicals* that can cause cancer in cows that eat it

Answer 27

**BRACKEN FERN** **BEWAREEEEEEE**

Question 28

In cattle that eat _bracken fern_, *Bovine Papillomavirus* Types ____ & \_\_\_\_ may contribute to the **syndrome** of **enzootic hematuria** that is characterized by bloody urine and/or urinary bladder cancer

Answer 28

In cattle that eat bracken fern, Bovine Papillomavirus Types **1 & 2** may contribute to the syndrome of **enzootic hematuria** that is characterized by bloody urine and/or urinary bladder cancer

Question 29

Which 3 types of *Bovine Papillomaviruses* are associated in any way with **bracken fern**?

Answer 29

Type **4 **(cause transient papillomas in the alimentary tract) Types **1** & **2** (contribute to enzootic hematuria)

Question 30

What 3 agents can be used to treat *Bovine Papillomaviruses*?

Answer 30

**Podophyllin **and **DMSO** topical agents or **Bovine Interferon-a**

Question 31

In *Canine Oral Papillomatosis*, Warts usually begin on the _____ and can spread to the *buccal mucosa, tongue, palate, *and *pharynx*

Answer 31

_lips_

Question 32

*Canine Oral Papillomatosis* is characterized histologically in what 2 ways?

Answer 32

*Canine Oral Papillomatosis* is characterized by **epithelial hyperplasia** and **cytoplasmic vacuolization (koilocytosis)**

Question 33

What is **koilocytosis**?

Answer 33

Koilocytosis is the **cytoplasmic vacuolization **seen histologically in dogs infected with *Canine Oral Papillomatosis*

Question 34

T/F: *Canine Oral Papillomatosis* can progress to **squamous cell carcinoma**

Answer 34

TRUE **it is rare** but it can happen

Question 35

In dogs, clinical signs of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ include **halitosis, ptyalisms (hypersalivation), **and **hemorrhage**

Answer 35

*Canine Oral Papillomatosis*

Question 36

T/F: *Canine Oral Papillomatosis *can cause **ocular warts**

Answer 36

TRUE! * Canine Oral Papillomatosis* can cause **ocular warts **on the * conjunctiva, cornea, and eyelid margins*

Question 37

Dogs that have recovered from *Canine Oral Papillomatosis* are ________ to reinfection

Answer 37

_refractory_

Question 38

T/F: Secondary bacterial infection occurs with *Canine Oral Papillomatosis*

Answer 38

TRUE

Question 39

T/F: Autogenous Vaccine are effective in treating *Canine Oral Papillomatosis*

Answer 39

FALSE efficacy is doubtful at best

Question 40

The **most common neoplasm** in horses is

Answer 40

**SARCOIDS**

Question 41

Locally invasive benign fibroblastic skin tumors that do not metastasize

Answer 41

**SARCOIDS**

Question 42

**Sarcoids** are associated with *Bovine Papillomavirus *Types ___ & \_\_\_

Answer 42

**1 **and **2**

Question 43

Breeds of horses that are **susceptible** to sarcoids include

Answer 43

**Arabians** **Appaloosas** **American Quarter Horses** AAA are susceptible!

Question 44

These 2 breeds of horses are **not susceptible** to **sarcoids**

Answer 44

**Standardbreds** **Thoroughbreds** **T**horoughbreds & **S**tandardbreds are NO**T** **S**USCEPTIBLE

Question 45

**Sarcoid lesions** usually occur in previously __________ areas

Answer 45

_traumatized_

Question 46

T/F: Horses can develop ocular and palpebral sarcoids

Answer 46

TRUE

Question 47

**Sarcoids** look just like *proud flesh* except for that **sarcoids**....

Answer 47

are seen at sites of previous injury!