Parotid Gland and Temporal Region

Question 1

What extends as stylomandibular ligament?

Answer 1

CT capsule and dense fibrous capsule

Question 2

Where does the Stylomandibular ligament intervene between?

Answer 2

Parotid and Submandibular salivary gland

Question 3

What may also be accessory tissue?

Answer 3

Parotid gland

Question 4

Describe the Parotid duct?

Answer 4

Oblique passage and palpable if tense masseter

Question 5

What is the passage of the parotid duct?

Answer 5

Sharp, medial turn to pierce buccal fat pad and buccinator to enter oral cavity at upper second molar

Question 6

What does ECA form?

Answer 6

Superficial temporal and maxillary arteries

Question 7

What is the retromandibular vein?

Answer 7

Union of superficial and temporal and maxillary veins

Question 8

What is the parotid gland?

Answer 8

Salivary gland that secrets serous acini only

Question 9

What does the facial gland divide?

Answer 9

Parotid gland into deep and superficial parts

Question 10

Where is the parasympathetic secertomotor supply come from?

Answer 10

Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

Question 11

Where is the postganglionic sympathetic fibres come from?

Answer 11

Plexus around ECA

Question 12

How many muscles of mastication is there?

Answer 12

4

Question 13

What are the muscles of mastication?

Answer 13

Temporalis,
Masseter,
Medial pterygoid and lateral pterygoid

Question 14

What innervates the muscles of mastication?

Answer 14

Mandibular division of trigeminal (CN VIII)

Question 15

What are the movements of the mandible?

Answer 15

Elevation, Depression, Protrusion, Retrusion and lateral sliding

Question 16

How is depression caused?

Answer 16

By gravity or against force using supra-hyoid muscles

Question 17

What covers the temporalis?

Answer 17

Temporal fascia

Question 18

Where does the temporal fossa and fascia attach to?

Answer 18

Coronoid process and anterior border of the ramus of the mandible

Question 19

What elevates the mandible?

Answer 19

Anterior and superior fibres of temporalis

Question 20

What retracts the mandible?

Answer 20

Posterior fibres fo temporalis

Question 21

What innervates the temporlais?

Answer 21

Deep temporal nerves from anterior division of mandibular division of trigeminal nerve (CN VIII)

Question 22

Where does the masseter attach to?

Answer 22

Zygomatic arch to the lateral aspect of the ramus of the mandible

Question 23

Function of Masseter?

Answer 23

Elevate the mandible

Question 24

What innervates the Masseter?

Answer 24

Masseteric nerve from anterior division of CN VIII

Question 25

What is the proximal attachment of the lateral pterygoid?

Answer 25

Upper head: Infratemporal surface of greater wing of sphenoid Lower head: Lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate

Question 26

What is the distal attachment of the Lateral Pterygoid?

Answer 26

Inserts into neck of mandible and articular disc

Question 27

What is the functions of the lateral pterygoid?

Answer 27

Pulls neck of mandible forwards with articular disc (protrusion = both) Helps in lateral chewing movements with medial pterygoid (one side)

Question 28

What innervates the Lateral Pterygoid?

Answer 28

Nerve to lateral pterygoid of anterior division of CN VIII

Question 29

What are the proximal attachments of the Medial Pterygoid?

Answer 29

Superficial head: Tubercle of maxilla Deep head: Medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate

Question 30

What is the distal attachment of the Medial pterygoid?

Answer 30

Medial surface of the angle of mandible

Question 31

What is the function of the Medial Pterygoid?

Answer 31

Assits in elevation

Question 32

What is the innervation of medial pterygoid?

Answer 32

Nerve to medial pterygoid from the main trunk of the mandibular division of CN VIII

Question 33

Describe the movement of elevation of the mandible.

Answer 33

Head of mandible and disc move backward and head rotates on lower surface of disc - temporalis, Masseter and medial pterygoid

Question 34

Describe the movement of Depression of the mandible.

Answer 34

Head of mandible rotates on undersurface of articular disc and mandible is pulled forward - lateral pterygoid, digastric, geniohyoid, mylohyois and gravity

Question 35

Describe the movement of protrusion of the mandible.

Answer 35

Articular disc and head of mandible move forward. Movement in upper part of cavity - lateral pterygoid (medial pterygoid assists)

Question 36

Describe the movement of Retrusion of the mandible.

Answer 36

Articular disc and head of mandible pulled backward into mandibular fossa - posterior fibres of temporalis

Question 37

Describe the movement of lateral chewing of the mandible.

Answer 37

Protrusion and retrusion combined - pterygoids

Question 38

Where does part of CN VIII nerve to medial pterygoid pass through?

Answer 38

Otic ganglion

Question 39

Does the CN VIII have a synapse?

Answer 39

No

Question 40

What does the CN VIII pass to?

Answer 40

Tensor veli palantini and tensor tympani

Question 41

What does the Auriculotemporal nerve carry?

Answer 41

Postganglionic parasympathetic fibres for otic ganglion to parotid

Question 42

Where do fibres of the Auriculotemporal nerve originate?

Answer 42

IN CN IX glossopharyngeal

Question 43

What is the lingual nerve joined by?

Answer 43

Chorda tympani

Question 44

What carry parasympathetic fibres from the facial nerve to the submandibular and sublingual glands?

Answer 44

Chorda tympani

Question 45

Where does the taste fibres come from?

Answer 45

Anterior two thirds of the tongue

Question 46

What is ECA?

Answer 46

External carotid artery

Question 47

Where does the ECA end?

Answer 47

In terminal branches - maxillary and superficial temporal behind neck of mandible

Question 48

What are the posterior branches of ECA?

Answer 48

Occipital, posterior auricular and ascending pharyngeal

Question 49

What crossed occipital artery?

Answer 49

Hypoglossal nerve

Question 50

What is the passage of the occipital artery?

Answer 50

Passes under posterior belly of digastric to enter the posterior triangle. Back of scalpl

Question 51

What is the level of posterior auricular?

Answer 51

Level of upper border of belly of digastric

Question 52

Where does the ascending pharyngeal ascend between?

Answer 52

Internal carotid and pharynx

Question 53

What are the anterior branched of ECA?

Answer 53

Superior thyroid, Lingual and facial

Question 54

What runs with external laryngeal nerve?

Answer 54

Superior thyroid

Question 55

What does the superior thyroid branch to?

Answer 55

SCM and superior laryngeal artery

Question 56

What is the passage of the lingual artery?

Answer 56

Opposite tip greater cornu of hyoid bone, passes deep to hyoglossus, crossed bu the hypoglossal nerve. Oral cavity

Question 57

What is the passage of the facia artery?

Answer 57

Above tip of greater cornu, passes deep to posterior belly of digastric. Superior and inferior labial branched and angular artery to face.

Question 58

What are the terminal branches of ECA?

Answer 58

Superficial temporal and maxillary

Question 59

Where does the superficial temporal branch ascend?

Answer 59

In front of the auricle

Question 60

What does the superficial temporal branch divide into?

Answer 60

Anterior and posterior branched which supply the skin over the frontal and temporal regions

Question 61

Where does the maxillary branch arise?

Answer 61

Behind the neck of mandible, branched to muscles of mastication, tympanic membrane, upper and lower teeth, palate, nasal cavity, nasioharynx and meninges