Pharynx and Pre-vertebral Region

Question 1

Where does the oesophagus join the pharynx?

Answer 1

C6

Question 2

Describe the pharynx

Answer 2

Upper end funnel shaped at base of skull

Question 3

Where is the mucous membrane ?

Answer 3

Nasal, mouth, larynx and tympanic cavity

Question 4

What type of epithelium is within the pharynx?

Answer 4

Ciliated columnar epithelium superiorly to stratified squamous inferiorly

Question 5

Where is the fibrous layer in the pharynx?

Answer 5

Under the epithelium

Question 6

Where is the fibrous layer connected to?

Answer 6

Base of skull and into sub mucous coat of oesophagus

Question 7

Where is the muscular layer of the pharynx?

Answer 7

Under fibrous layer

Question 8

What type of muscles are within the muscular layer?

Answer 8

Circular constrictor and longitudinal muscles

Question 9

Where is the nasopharynx?

Answer 9

Behind nasal cavities, above soft palate

Question 10

What makes up the roof of the nasopharynx?

Answer 10

Sphenoid, occipital and pharyngeal tonsil

Question 11

What makes up the floor of the nasopharynx?

Answer 11

Soft palate - pharyngeal isthmus

Question 12

What makes up the anterior border of the nasopharynx?

Answer 12

Nasal passages

Question 13

What makes up the posterior border of the nasopharynx?

Answer 13

Roof and C1 level

Question 14

What makes up the lateral border of the nasopharynx?

Answer 14

Auditory/Eustacian tube, salpinngopharyngeal fold

Question 15

Where is the oropharynx?

Answer 15

From soft palate to upper border of epiglottis

Question 16

What makes up the roof of the oropharynx?

Answer 16

Soft palate

Question 17

What makes up the floor of the oropharynx?

Answer 17

Post third tongue, lingual tonsil, glossoepiglottic folds

Question 18

What makes up the anterior border of the oropharynx?

Answer 18

Mouth

Question 19

What makes up the posterior border of the oropharynx?

Answer 19

C2/3 level

Question 20

What makes up the lateral border of the oropharynx?

Answer 20

Palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal folds with palatine tonsil

Question 21

Where is the Laryngopharynx?

Answer 21

Behind larynx and laryngeal opening

Question 22

What is the anterior border of the laryngopharynx?

Answer 22

Larynx

Question 23

What is the posterior border of the Laryngopharynx?

Answer 23

C3-6

Question 24

What is the lateral border of the laryngopharynx?

Answer 24

Supported by thyroid cartilage, aryepiglottic fold and thyrohyoid membrane

Question 25

What is the lower part of the superior constrictor?

Answer 25

Medial pterygoid plate, hamulus, pterygomandibular ligament, mandible, side of tongue

Question 26

Where does the superior constrictor attach?

Answer 26

To pharyngeal tubercle of occipital bone, fibrous raphe and middle constrictor

Question 27

What closes off nasopharynx?

Answer 27

Upper fibres pull posterior pharyngeal wall anteriorly

Question 28

What propels food to middle constrictor?

Answer 28

Superior Constrictor

Question 29

What innervates the superior constrictor?

Answer 29

Pharyngeal plexus

Question 30

Where is the middle constrictor?

Answer 30

Lower part stylohyoid ligament to greater and lesser cornea of the hyoid bone

Question 31

Where does the middle constrictor attach to?

Answer 31

Raphe but also blend wth superior and inferior constrictor

Question 32

What propels food towards inferior constrictor?

Answer 32

Middle constrictor

Question 33

Where is the proximal attachment of the inferior constrictor?

Answer 33

Lamina of thyroid cartilage and cricoid cartilage

Question 34

Where is the distal attachment of the inferior constrictor?

Answer 34

Raphe and blend with middle constrictor and oesophagus

Question 35

What propels food to oesophagus?

Answer 35

Inferior constrictor

Question 36

What are the longitudinal muscles?

Answer 36

Stylopharyngeus, Salpingopharyngeus and Palatopharyngeus

Question 37

Describe Stylopharyngeus?

Answer 37

Base of styloid process of temporal bone to posterior border of thyroid cartilage Across internal carotid artery and passes between superior and middle constrictors Elevates larynx and pharynx during swallowing Innervated by Glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 38

Describe the Salpingopharyngeus?

Answer 38

Cartilage of auditory tube to blend with palatopharyngeus Elevates pharynx Innervated by pharyngeal plexus

Question 39

Describe the Palatopharyngeus

Answer 39

Hard palate and palatine aponeurosis to lamina of thyroid cartilage Elevates pharynx Innervated by Pharyngeal plexus

Question 40

Where are the pharyngeal branches from?

Answer 40

The maxillary artery

Question 41

Where is the ascending pharyngeal artery from?

Answer 41

Medial surface of external carotid

Question 42

What are the pre-vertebral muscles?

Answer 42

Longus colli, Longus capties, Rectus capties anterior and Rectus wapitis lateralis

Question 43

Where do other pre-vertebral structures lie between?

Answer 43

The muscle sheath covering longs colli and longs capitis (pre vertebral fascia) and the carotid sheath

Question 44

What are the attachments of the longus capitis?

Answer 44

Transverse processes of cervical vertebrae anterior tubercles C3-6 to base of occipital bone

Question 45

What is the function of longus capitis?

Answer 45

Flexion of head

Question 46

What innervates the Longus Capitis?

Answer 46

Ventral rami cervical spinal nerves C1-3

Question 47

Where is the longus colli?

Answer 47

From atlas to T3

Question 48

What parts are within the Longus Colli?

Answer 48

Inferior oblique, superior oblique and vertical parts

Question 49

Describe the inferior oblique of the Longus Colli

Answer 49

T2/3 to anterior tubercle of cervical transverse process C5-6

Question 50

Describe the superior oblique of the Longus Colli

Answer 50

Anterior tubercle C3-5 to atlantsal naterior tubercle

Question 51

What is the vertical part of the Longus Colli?

Answer 51

Anterior aspect T1-3 to C4-6

Question 52

What is the function of the Longus Colli?

Answer 52

Flexion of neck

Question 53

What gives rotation to opposite side via inferior oblique?

Answer 53

Longus Colli

Question 54

What innervates the Longus Colli?

Answer 54

Ventral rami cervical spinal nerves C2-6