Part 1: body organization & terminology

Question 1

gross anatomy studies structures that…

Answer 1

can be examined without a microscope

Question 2

histology (anatomy) studies structures with __ that…

Answer 2

-microscope
-form tissues

Question 3

Function of organ is related to___

Answer 3

tissue type

Question 4

6 levels of body organization

Answer 4

-atoms
-complex molecules
-cells
-tissues
-organs
-body

Question 5

The body is a collection of__

Answer 5

organ systems

Question 6

10 organ systems of the body

Answer 6

-skeletal
-muscular
-integumentary
-nervous
-circulatory
-respiratory
-endocrine
-gastrointestinal
-urinary
-reproductive

Question 7

anatomical position (5)

Answer 7

-standing upright
-heads, eyes, toes facing forwards
-upper limbs by sides
-palms facing forwards
-thumbs outwards away from palms

Question 8

right and left in anatomical position are (2)

Answer 8

-in reference to the subject
-looks opposite for yourself

Question 9

8 anatomical directions

Answer 9

-superior/cranial/cephalic
-inferior/caudal
-anterior/ventral
-posterior/dorsal
-lateral
-medial
-proximal
-distal

Question 10

superior/cranial/cephalic (def.)

Answer 10

above, towards the head, top

Question 11

inferior/caudal (def.)

Answer 11

below, bottom, towards feet

Question 12

anterior/ventral (def.)

Answer 12

-front of body, towards stomach

Question 13

posterior/dorsal (def.)

Answer 13

-behind, in the back

Question 14

lateral (def.)

Answer 14

away from midline, towards the side

Question 15

medial (def.)

Answer 15

towards the midline, middle, center
opposite of lateral

Question 16

proximal (def.)

Answer 16

closer to the trunk

Question 17

distal (def.)

Answer 17

far from the trunk

Question 18

lateral view (def.)

Answer 18

side view

Question 19

frontal view (def.)

Answer 19

front view

Question 20

three anatomical planes

Answer 20

-coronal/frontal
-axial/transverse/horizontal
-sagittal

Question 21

coronal/frontal (anatomical plane)

Answer 21

-separate anterior (front) & posterior (back)

Question 22

axial/transverse/horizontal (anatomical plane)

Answer 22

-separate superior (top) & inferior (bottom)

Question 23

sagittal (anatomical plane)

Answer 23

-cuts down the midline

Question 24

parasagittal (anatomical plane)

Answer 24

-any deviation to left & right from sagittal plane

Question 25

two main body cavities

Answer 25

dorsal & ventral cavities

Question 26

dorsal cavity contains (2) sub cavities

Answer 26

superior-cranial cavity (brain + meninges) inferior-vertebral/spinal cavity (spinal cord)

Question 27

ventral cavity contains 3 main sub cavities (1 sub cavity has 2 sub cavities)

Answer 27

-thoracic (chest) --> pericardial (heart), pleural (lungs) -abdominal -pelvic

Question 28

2 differences between dorsal and ventral cavities

Answer 28

-dorsal body cavity posterior to ventral cavity -dorsal cavity is smaller than ventral cavity

Question 29

arm in anatomical language is ___

Answer 29

upper extremity/limb

Question 30

leg in anatomical language is ____

Answer 30

lower extremity/limb

Question 31

extension (def.)

Answer 31

increasing the angle

Question 32

flexion (def.)

Answer 32

decreasing the angle

Question 33

extension: upper/lower limb at shoulder + hip joint

Answer 33

limb moves in posterior direction

Question 34

flexion: upper/lower limb at shoulder + hip joint

Answer 34

limb moves in anterior direction

Question 35

extension: hand at wrist

Answer 35

hand moves in superior direction

Question 36

flexion: hand at wrist

Answer 36

hand moves in inferior direction

Question 37

extension: fingers

Answer 37

fingers are straight out uncurled

Question 38

flexion: fingers

Answer 38

fingers are curled in

Question 39

extension: lower limb at knee joint

Answer 39

limb moves in anterior direction

Question 40

flexion: lower limb at knee joint

Answer 40

limb moves in posterior direction

Question 41

extension: upper limb at elbow joint

Answer 41

limb moves in posterior direction

Question 42

flexion: upper limb at elbow joint

Answer 42

limb moves in anterior direction

Question 43

extension: spine

Answer 43

back moves in posterior direction

Question 44

flexion: spine

Answer 44

back moves in anterior direction

Question 45

extension: foot

Answer 45

-plantarflexion -move foot in inferior direction (towards ground)

Question 46

flexion: foot

Answer 46

-dorsiflexion -move foot in superior direction (towards sky)

Question 47

Abduction

Answer 47

the motion of a structure away from the midline (taking away)

Question 48

adduction

Answer 48

motion towards the center of the body (adding to body)

Question 49

lateral rotation

Answer 49

rotation away from midline of the body (away from midline)

Question 50

medial rotation

Answer 50

rotation towards the axis of the body (towards midline)

Question 51

Fingers: Opposition

Answer 51

putting the thumbs and fingers together

Question 52

Reposition

Answer 52

-restoring to natural position of thumbs and fingers

Question 53

circumduction

Answer 53

-combination of flexion, extension, adduction, abduction to move in a circular/conical direction ex. Windmilling arms, serving tennis

Question 54

Jaw: Protrusion

Answer 54

-moving the jaw in the anterior direction

Question 55

Jaw: retrusion

Answer 55

-moving the jaw in the posterior direction

Question 56

Shoulder: Elevation

Answer 56

movement in a superior direction

Question 57

Shoulder: Depression

Answer 57

movement in an inferior direction

Question 58

Foot: Inversion

Answer 58

sole of the foot moves towards the midline of the body

Question 59

Foot: Eversion

Answer 59

sole of the foot moves away from the midline of the body

Question 60

Pronation at the forearm is a rotational movement where__

Answer 60

hand and upper arm are turned so the thumbs point towards the body (bones crossing)

Question 61

Supination at the forearm is a rotational movement where__

Answer 61

hand and upper arm are turned so the thumbs point away the body (can hold soup)