Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

z:Anat 200 > Part 10: Urinary system > Flashcards

Part 10: Urinary system Flashcards

1
Q

urinary system main function

A

Ensure optimal properties of the blood (homeostasis) by removing metabolic wastes generated by body cells (constant monitoring by the kidneys)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

“Water treatment plant” of our body

A

kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

kidneys other functions

A

Regulates blood ionic composition
Regulates blood pH
Regulates blood volume & blood pressure
Produces hormones (calcitriol, erythropoietin)
Helps liver detoxify poisons & regulate glucose levels
Conserves valuable nutrients & eliminates the wastes (i.e., urea)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

label composition of urinary system

A

(top to bottom)
kidney
ureter
urinary bladder
urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Location of the kidneys

A

Develop & remain outside the peritoneal cavity (not part of GI system, retroperitoneal, posterior abdominal wall)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

position of left/right kidney

A

Left kidney: T12 – L2/Right kidney: L1 – L3 (lower than left kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Adrenal gland located on ______ of each kidney

A

superior-medial surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

label

A
  1. Spleen
  2. IVC
  3. Abdominal aorta
  4. Adrenal gland
  5. Left kidney
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

label

A
  1. Spleen
  2. IVC
  3. Abdominal aorta
  4. Left kidney
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

kidney is well cushioned by ____

A

fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

kidney is surrounded by a lot of CT: ____

A

Perirenal fat (around kidney)
Renal fascia (around fat)
Pararenal (retroperitoneal) fat (beside the kidneys, behind the parietal peritoneum)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

label

A
  1. Liver
  2. IVC
  3. Abdominal aorta
  4. Right kidney
  5. Left kidney
  6. Pancreas
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

kidney is covered by ___

A

fibrous capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q
A

purple: fibrous capsule
yellow: minor calyx
blue: major calyx
green: renal pelvis -> the area at the center of the kidney
orange: ureter
red: cortex
pink: medulla
grey: renal pyramid-> triangular sections of tissue that constitute the medulla
brown: renal papilla -> the point of each pyramid projects into a calyx
black: renal lobe-> portion of a kidney consisting of a renal pyramid and the renal cortex above it
white: renal column -> medullary extension of the renal cortex in between the renal pyramid; anchors cortex
light blue: hilum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

label blood circulation (mistake with interlobar/bobular veins - ignore)

A

red: interlobar arteries
blue: interlobular veins
pink: arcuate veins
black: arcuate arteries
green: segmental artery
orange: renal artery
grey: renal vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

label

A

red: interlobular artery
yellow: arcuate artery
green: arcuate vein
blue: interlobular vein
pink: renal papilla
black: minor calyx
brown: interlobar artery
grey: interlobar vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

the basic functional unit of the kidney + made of two parts

A

nephron
renal corpuscle + renal tubule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Blood is filtered in the _____ (first part); ___ retained by filter; ______ pass through; _____ reabsorbed in _____

A

renal corpuscle
blood cells & large proteins
Low molecular weight proteins, ions, metabolites, dissolved wastes
Water, ions, & useful substances
the renal tubule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

label nephron

A

red: renal corpuscle
blue: proximal convoluted tubule
green: loop of henle -needed for recovery of water & Nacl
purple: descending limb
brown: ascending limb
pink: distal convoluted tubule
yellow: collecting tubule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

part of nephron needed to produce filtrate

A

-renal corpuscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

part of nephron needed to perform reabsorption

A

proximal convoluted tubule
loop of henle
distal convoluted tubule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

part of nephron needed to produce urine

A

collecting tubule + collecting ducts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

types of nephrons

A

-blue:cortical nephron; responsible for most absorptions & secretion
-red: juxtamedullary nephron; necessary conditions for concentrated urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

salt gradient: salt conc increases as we enter into ______

A

medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

capillaries in cortex: _____ arterioles form capillary beds around tubules in ______for _____

A

efferent
cortex
water, organics & salt re-absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

efferent arterioles ____ glomerulus

A

leaves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

afferent arterioles ____ glomerulus

A

enters

28
Q

label renal corpuscle

A

red: Afferent arteriole
blue: Efferent arteriole
green: Glomerulus
orange: Bowman’s (glomerular) capsule
yellow: Mesangial cells
purple: podocyte - finely fenestrated

29
Q

Vasa recta (______) retrieve water in _____(1) by maintaining _______ by salt exiting into _____

A

capillary beds in the medulla
descending limb
concentration of medulla
medulla in ascending limb

30
Q

Mesangial cells are important for physical support of ______ in _____ .Adjusted ______in response to ______ (help maintain optimal filtration rate). Secretions important for _____ in the glomerulus. Important for ______

A

capillaries
glomerulus
contractions
blood pressure changes
immune defense & repair
phagocytosis

31
Q

things filtered through glomerulus

A

small proteins, metabolites, ions, water, toxins

32
Q

things not filtered through glomerulus

A

RBC, WBC, platelets, large proteins

33
Q

Proximal/distal convoluted tubule epithelium

A

simple cuboidal cell

34
Q

loop of henle function?

A

Adjusts salt content of filtrate, medulla stays “salty”, tries to retrieve as much water as possible in the vasa recta

35
Q

thin limb of loop of henle is ____+ function

A

descending limb
Reabsorption of water (aquaporins on basal & apical surfaces – permeable to water)

36
Q

thick limb of loop of henle is ____+ function

A

ascending limb
Reabsorption of Na+ & Cl- (impermeable to water)

37
Q

Distal convoluted tubule function

A

Variable reabsorption of ions & electrolytes

Allows excretion of acids, toxins, & urea (to maintain high salt gradient in medulla)

38
Q

distal convoluted tubule: Na+ absorption is regulated ______

A

by aldosterone (hormone from adrenal glands)

39
Q

Macula densa in _______ regulates ______

A

distal convoluted tubule
blood flow to keep filtrate constant despite individual’s blood pressure

40
Q

The juxtaglomerular apparatus consists of three types of cells

A

the macula densa
juxtaglomerular cells, (also known as granular cells) which secrete renin
extraglomerular mesangial cells

41
Q

JGA function + feedback mechanism

A

Regulation of blood pressure, blood flow, & filtrate formation

Feedback mechanism: regulates blood flow & keeps rate of filtration constant

42
Q

the macula densa function

A

Monitor electrolyte concentration

43
Q

juxtaglomerular cells, (also known as ____cells) function

A

granular

Secrete the hormone renin (increase BP in glomerulus - increases filtration rate)
Constricts smooth muscle cells in the efferent & afferent arterioles

44
Q

label JGA

A

top to bottom
Extraglomerular mesangial cells
Macula densa
Juxtaglomerular cells

45
Q

Collecting tubules & ducts function

A

Variable reabsorption of water & ions

46
Q

Papillary duct function

A

Delivery of urine to calyces

47
Q

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH released by _____) released when _____: makes collecting ducts ______

A

posterior pituitary
dehydrated
more permeable to water (concentrates the filtrate by activating aquaporins)

48
Q

absence of ADH = _____

A

large volume, dilute urine

49
Q

presence of ADH = _____

A

small volume, conc. urine

50
Q

ureter does what?

A

transports urine

51
Q

urethra does what?

A

eliminates urine

52
Q

urinary bladder does what?

A

stores urin

53
Q

epithelium of urinary bladder + descr.

A

transitional (urinary) epithelium

Multiple layers of cells
Outermost cells large & dome-shaped
Changes appearance with stretching

54
Q

uteters position

A

retroperitoneal

55
Q

Ureteric openings connect ___ to ____ where?

A

ureter
bladder
posterior to bladder

56
Q

ureter epithelium?

A

‘Stretchy’ transitional epithelium
Impermeable

57
Q

ureter has ___ for peristalsis of urine

A

smooth muscle

58
Q

ureteric constriction (def.)

A

blockage in ureter

59
Q

Sites of ureteric constriction

A
  1. Ureteropelvic junction – stone leaving the kidney (T10-L1)
  2. Stone crossing of the common iliac vessels (T11-L2)
  3. Ureterovesical junction – stone entering the urinary bladder (L1-L2)
60
Q

label referred pain

A

1) liver, gallbladder and duodenum
2) stomach
3) spleen
4) small intestine
5) sigmoid colon
6) kidney and ureter

61
Q

Label urinary bladder

A

left (top to bottom)
rugae (folds- transitional epithelium- to expand)
ureteric opening
internal urethral sphincter
prostate gland

right (top to bottom)
ureter
detrusor muscle (smooth muscle)
trigone: triangle defined by ureteric opening + internal urethral sphincter
urethra
external urethral sphincter (skeletal muscle)

62
Q

label lumen of urinary bladder

A

red: transitional epithelium
yellow: lamina propria
blue: submucosa
green: serosa (parietal peritoneum)
purple: detrusor muscle

63
Q

Sympathetic innervation of urinary system:

A

Stimulate contraction of internal urethral sphincter
Inhibit detrusor contraction

64
Q

Parasympathetic innervation of urinary system:

A

Relaxation of internal urethral sphincter
Stimulate detrusor contraction

65
Q

Somatic innervation of urinary system:

A

Control of the external urethral sphincter (skeletal muscle)

66
Q

urethra : differences between sexes

A

male : 3 parts-> prostatic urethra, membranous urethra, penile (spongy) urethra = 18-20 cm long

female: Short (3-5 cm long) & straight

z:Anat 200 (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions