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z:Anat 200 > Part 5: Cranial nerves > Flashcards

Part 5: Cranial nerves Flashcards

1
Q

CN (cranial nerve general) + functions of the _______

A

12 prs of peripheral nerves (like spinal nerves)
* Numbered (Roman numerals) from I to XII
* Essentially run the functions of the head & neck
(except CN X)

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2
Q

CN pure ___/_____ or _____

A
  • Some CNs pure motor, some pure sensory,others
    mixed
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3
Q

CN arise and interact with _____ (which types? where?)

A

Arise from & interact with nuclei (motor, sensory,
parasympathetic) in brainstem

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4
Q

Cell bodies of sensory neurons live in

A

_____CN ganglia
(like dorsal root ganglia)

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5
Q

Label nerves

A

I – Olfactory
II – Optic
III – Oculomotor
IV – Trochlear
V – Trigeminal
VI – Abducens
VII – Facial
VIII –Vestibulocochlear
(Audiovestibular)
IX – Glossopharyngeal
X – Vagus
XI – Spinal Accessory
XII - Hypoglossal

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6
Q

CN I sits on ___ and extends in ___

A

cribiform plate
olfactory epithelium

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7
Q

CN I – Olfactory Nerve is ____ and responsible for ____.

A

Pure sensory – responsible for smell (olfaction)

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8
Q

Olfactory Nerve pathway

A

Terminate in olfactory bulb -> olfactory tract
* Olfactory tract -> 1o olfactory cortex (temporal lobe)

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9
Q

Olfactory nerve is the only sensory system to _____. Disease of nerve: _____

A

bypass thalamus (sensory relay station)
* Damage or Disease -> hyposmia and/or anosmia

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10
Q

CN II – Optic Nerve is _____ and responsible for ____

A

Pure sensory – vision

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11
Q

CN II nerve pathway

A

Axons of ganglion cells -> Optic Nerve (~ 1 million
axons)
* Optic n ->Optic Chiasm > Optic tract > lateral
geniculate nucleus (thalamus) > Optic Radiations >
1o Visual Cortex
* 1o Visual Cortex(posterior ) – medial aspect of occipital lobe on either side of Calcarine Sulcus

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12
Q

Visual fields are projected onto visual cortex _____
Damage or disease of CN II - >

A

in an inverted and reversed fashion
visual field defects (cortical blindness)

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13
Q

Calcarine Sulcus (def.)

A

caudal end of the medial surface of the brain

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14
Q

CN III, IV, VI share _____

A

similar function in controling muscles of eye

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15
Q

rectus muscle

A

straight

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16
Q

CN III – Oculomotor Nerve is a _______ and arises from ______

A

somatic motor and Parasympathetic (PS) – mixed nerve
midbrain

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17
Q

motor component of CIII supplies _____

A

medial rectus, superior rectus, inferior rectus, inferior oblique, levator palpebrae superioris (elevator of upper eyelid)

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18
Q

Hint to remember: eye muscle innervation

A

CIII controls all extra-ocular muscles except LR6SO4
- (LR6SO4 lateral rectus – CN VI, superior oblique – CN IV)

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19
Q

Parasympathetic action of CIII controls for________ .Damage or disease of CIII -> _____

A

pupillary constriction & accommodation (ciliary ganglion)
pupillary dilation (unopposed sympathetics) and ophthalmoplegia (eye movements weakened or paralysed)

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20
Q

CN IV - Trochlear Nerve comes off ___

A

posterior area of brainstem (wraps around)

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21
Q

CN IV – Trochlear Nerve is the ___. It is a ____ nerve. it supplies _______.

A

Smallest cranial nerve
Pure motor
supplies one muscle - superior oblique

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22
Q

isolated damage to CN IV is ______

A

uncommon

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23
Q

CN VI - Abducent Nerve is a _____. It supplies ______. It is located at ______. It is ______ of cranial nerves

A

-Pure motor nerve
-supplies one muscle – lateral rectus (abducts the eye, hence the name ‘abducent’)
-pontomedullary junction
longest intracranial course

24
Q

CN VI is vulnerable to ______. Damage ->_______ –> ______ –> _____ —> _____
Patient complains of ______

A

-injury in head trauma or raised intracranial
pressure (intracranial hemorrhage, brain tumors)
-paralysis of lateral rectus
-unopposed action of medial rectus
-eye deviates medially
-squint (strabismus)
-double vision (diplopia)

25
Q

Label muscles and nerves

A

black: levator palpebrae superioris m
purple: oculomotor nerve (CN 3)
orange: superior rectus
blue: ciliary ganglion
grey: medial rectus
pink: inferior rectus
green: inferior oblique

26
Q

label nerves + muscles

A

green: superior oblique
purple: trochlear nerve (CN 4)

27
Q

label muscles + nerves

A

blue: abducent nerve (CN 6)
orange: lacteral rectus

28
Q

CN V - Trigeminal Nerve is _______ (from ___) and has ______ arising from ____. Disease: _____

A

Mixed nerve – sensory and motor (from pons)
Has 3 divisions (branches) arising from trigeminal
ganglion

  • Disease – Trigeminal Neuralgia (Tic Douloureux)
  • Mainly V2 and V3 (pain nerves one side)
29
Q

branches of CN V - trigeminal nerve

A
  • V1 – Ophthalmic nerve -> eye (pure sensory)
  • V2 – Maxillary nerve - > cheek (pure sensory)
  • V3 – Mandibular nerve -> mandible (motor + sensory)
30
Q

CN V1 - ______Branch is ____ and supplies sensation to ____ and general sensory innervation to _____. It supplies sensation to ____ via _______

A
  • Ophthalmic
    -pure sensory
    the frontal and ethmoidal paranasal air sinuses,
    nasal cavity
    -the upper eyelid, side of the nose, forehead and scalp via supraorbital nerves
31
Q

label

A

blue: supraorbital nerves
green: ophthalmic nerve
purple: trigeminal ganglion
orange: ciliary ganglion

32
Q

label

A

blue: infraorbital nerves
orange: maxillary nerve
purple: trigeminal ganglion
red: pterygopalatine ganglion

33
Q

CN V2 – Maxillary Nerve is ____and enters _____ through ____. It supplies sensation to ______ and to ____ via _____

A

-Pure sensory
-floor of orbit
-inferior orbital fissure
- maxillary air sinus
- nasal cavity
- maxillary (upper) teeth and gums
- lower eyelid, skin of cheek, upper lip ( via infraorbital nerve)

34
Q

CN V3 - Mandibular Branch is ______ and ____ branch of CNV

A

-Mixed nerve – somatic sensory and somatic motor -largest branch

35
Q

CN V3 Motor supplies ______. Sensory part supplies _____ and _____ via _____ and general sensation to _____ via _____. CNV3 ends as ____ in ____. It carries proprioceptive information from _____ to control _____

A

muscles of mastication +smiling
-lower lip, skin of mandible
- mandibular teeth and gums via inferior alveolar nerve)
- anterior 2/3 of tongue via lingual nerve
-Ends as mental nerve in chin
-muscles of mastication to brainstem
-force of bite

36
Q

Inferior Alveolar Nerve where?

A

the the CN V3 branch enters bone (where dentist numb)

37
Q

label

A

green: lingual nerve
red: mandibular nerve
orange: trigeminal ganglion
blue: otic ganglion
yellow: inferior alveolar nerve
purple: submandibular ganglion
pink: mental nerve

38
Q

CN VII – Facial Nerve is a ______. It is attached to ______. Its sensory nerve cell bodies are in ____ Damage:

A

Mixed nerve – Somatic motor, somatic sensory &
parasympathetic
* Attached to pons
geniculate ganglion
* Damage or disease :Patient may lose taste (partly), salivation (partly) or lacrimation in one eye or Bell’s Palsy (hemi-facial paralysis)

39
Q

CN VII – Facial Nerve motor function _______. sensory function: _____.

A

-muscles of facial expression (5 sets of branches)
-taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue (via chorda
tympani – joins lingual n)

40
Q

parasympathetic function of CN VII: ______

A
  • lacrimal gland for tearing (lacrimation) via
    pterygopalatine ganglion (V2)
  • Submandibular & sublingual salivary glands via
    submandibular ganglion (V3)
41
Q

label

A

black: pterygopalatine ganglion
purple: temporal branch
orange: zymogamtic branch
red: buccal branch
green: mandibular branch
yellow:cervical branch
blue: submandibular ganglion
dark green: stylomastoid foramen
pink: chonrda tympani nerve to tongue
grey: geniculate ganglion
brown: facial nerve (CN VII)

42
Q

Chorda Tympani Nerve

A

of CN VII to tongue

43
Q

CN VIII – Vestibulocochlear Nerve is ____ with _____
Damage or disease -> _______

A

-Pure sensory nerve with 2 components (Vestibular + Cochlear)
-difficulty in localizing sound (deafness rare)

44
Q

2 components of vestibulocochlear nerve: Vestibular supplies ____ —> affects _____. Disease: _____

A
  • supplies vestibular apparatus (semicircular canals +
    vestibule)–> affect balance and equilibrium
  • Disease: Meniere’s syndrome (vertigo, nausea, vomiting)
45
Q

2 components of vestibulocochlear nerve: Cochlear supplies ____ —> affects _____. A pathway in where carries this info to _______Disease: _____

A
  • supplies organ of Corti in cochlea
    -hearing
  • Bilateral central pathway in brainstem carries this
    information to the temporal lobe -> 1o auditory cortex
  • Damage or disease -> difficulty in localizing sound
    (deafness rare)
46
Q

label

A

green: vestibular branch
blue: vestibular apparatus
purple: organ of corti
pink: cochlear branch
yellow: vestibulocochlear nerve

47
Q

CN IX - Glossopharyngeal Nerve is a ______ that supplies ____ attached to ______ and regulates _____. Damage or disease: _____

A
  • Mixed nerve – somatic motor, somatic sensory and
    parasympathetic
  • Supplies the tongue and the pharynx
  • Attached to medulla
  • Regulates the gag reflex (important)
    *difficulty in swallowing, loss of gag reflex
48
Q

CN IX – Motor function? sensory general? sensory special? parasympathetic?

A

-Motor to one muscle: stylopharyngeus (elevates pharynx)
-Sensory (general):posterior 1/3 tongue, pharynx, carotid sinus + body (for carotid sinus reflex)
-Sensory (special) : taste to posterior 1/3 of tongue
-Parasympathetic : supplies parotid gland via otic ganglion

49
Q

label

A

black: otic ganglion
yellow: lingual branch
red: cartoid sinus
green: pharyngeal branches
blue: parotid gland
pink: CN IX ( glossopharyngeal nerve

50
Q

CN X – Vagus Nerve is _____ attached to ____. Damage: ______

A

Mixed nerve – motor, sensory and parasympathetic
* Attached to medulla
*difficulty in speech and swallowing

51
Q

CN X – Somatic Motor Functions

A
  • Motor to muscles of the palate, pharynx and larynx
    + voice box
52
Q

CN X – Sensory Functions

A

Sensory to muscles of the palate, pharynx and larynx
*(stretch) Baroreceptor to hollow organs (ex. stomach + bowel)
* Carries visceral afferents from the organs to
the CNS

53
Q

CN X – Parasympathetic Activity

A
  • Essentially functions as the parasympathetic nerve
    for viscera
  • Parasympathetic motor to smooth muscle in
    thoracic and abdominal organs up to distal part of
    transverse colon
  • Regulates heart rate (slows it down)
54
Q

CN XI – Spinal Accessory Nerve has ______. attached to _____. supplies _____. damage: ______

A

Somatic Motor function only
* Attached to medulla and upper spinal cord
- supplies trapezius and
sternocleidomastoid muscles in the neck
*weakness when shrugging (elevating) shoulders, turning head to one side against resistance

55
Q

CN XII - Hypoglossal Nerve is ____. attached to ____ supplies ____. damage: ____

A

Pure motor nerve
* Attached to medulla
* Supplies the muscles of the tongue
* Damage or disease – inability to protrude tongue
symmetrically

56
Q

label

A

orange: accessory root
yellow: vagus nerve (CN X)
red: spinal accesory nerve (CN XI)
green: accesory branch
blue: spinal branch
pink: strenocleidomastoid
purple: spinal root
black: trapezius

57
Q

label

A

black: hypoglossal nerve

z:Anat 200 (23 decks)

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