parts of the cell Flashcards
(25 cards)
what is the nucleus
contains genetic material (DNA) the nucleus has clear pores where large molecules can pass.
what are 2 nutrients needed for respiration
glucose and oxygen
what is the mitochondria
breaks down food molecules and releases energy for cell.
ribosomes
amino acids are joined together at the ribosomes to make proteins.
what is respiration
the process of exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide
releases energy from food
what are the fluid cells surrounded by?
extracellular fluid
nucleolus
composed mainly of RNA and nucleolus are suspended in jelly like nucleoplasm
lysosomes
contains enzymes that breaksdown proteins, lipids, nucleic acids and some carbohydrates
centrioles
a pair of cylindrical structures usually near the nucleus; involved in reproduction of the cell
Golgi body
flattened membrane bags stacked onto of each other
they modify proteins and package them in vesicles for secretion of the cell
endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
provides a surface where chemical reactions can occur
the channels between the membranes are used for storage or transport materials
vesicle
a membrane bound sac that transport materials into or out of the cell
cytoskeleton
consists of microfilaments that give the cell its shape and assist movement of materials
cell membrane
the outer boundary that separates it from the other cells, determine what goes in and out of the cell
describe how the membrane physically supports the cell
the inside of the membrane is connected to the cytoskeleton.
describe how the cell membrane is constructed?
the bilayer has the heads on the outside and the tails on the inside. also has channel proteins and carrier proteins
describe how the membrane helps support the cell?
it separates the cytoplasm from the extracellular fluid
what is the 2 layers of the phospholipids at the cell membrane called?
bilayer
describe how the membrane regulates the passage of materials
it controls the movement of materials into and out of the cell
describe how the membrane is sensitive to changes?
it also has receptors that are sensitive to certain molecules that are in its immediate environment
what are the 2 components of a phospholipid?
hydrophilic head + hydrophobic tail
what is homostasis?
body systems working together to ensure the cellular environment is kept constant
what is the function of a channel protein?
to provide a pathway for hydrophilic particles to travel across the membrane without coming into contact with the hydrophobic tails
name 4 functions of the cell membrane?
- physical barrier
- regulates the passage of materials
- sensitive to changes
- help support the cell
