peds Flashcards

Question

mononucleosis

Answer 1

the kissing disease ``` s/s sore throat fatigue swollen lymph nodes liver/spleen enlargement ``` virus that causes: epstein barre spread by direct intimate contact ``` treatment: rest analgesics fluids good nutrition spleen is enlarged so limit participation in contact sports to prevent injury ```

Answer 2

used for recurrent URI or obstructive sleep issues ``` place on their side and elevate HOB place prone prevent aspiration brown and red fluids not given post op because we don't want it to be confused with blood frequent swallowing = hemorrhage at risk for hemorrhage for 10days postop common complaints post op: sore throat slight ear pain ``` low grade temp bad breath

Answer 3

infection in middle ear bulging, bright red, tympanic membrane preceded by URI ``` treatment: antibiotics avoid chewing soft foods may not be able to hear well avoid smoke may need tympanovstomy tubes or pressure equalizing tubes (help middle ear drain) if they have PE tubes in their ears, they must wear earplugs in the bath or swimming ``` ``` prevention: sit up for feedings no bottle propping gentle nose bleeding play "blowing" games avoid smoke ```

Answer 4

genetic exocrine gland symptoms GI system and respiratory system pancreatic enzymes must be given to help improve digestion with every meal/snack-- take within 30 minutes of eating and the beads should not be crushed or chewed nutrition is a major concern: underweight, high fat, high cal s/s steatorrhea (fatty, frothy stools) trouble absorbing fat soluble vitamins because they cannot absorb fat well (need ADEK vitamins) sweat chloride test earliest sign: meconium ileus mucous secretions are thick and sticky ***must get gene from both parents (autosomal recessive disorder)

Answer 5

trisomy 21 prone to developing respiratory infection because they have a poor immune system often have congenital heart defects advanced maternal age increases risk of having down syndrome baby

Answer 6

malabsorption due to an intestinal intolerance to gluten ``` treatment: lifelong no food with gluten (vegetable proteins) cannot have BROW B: barley R: rye O: oats W: wheat ``` can have RCS R: rice C: corn S: soy

Answer 7

hereditary form of anemia normal hemoglobin is partly or completely replaced by abnormal hemoglobin and sickle shaped RBCs ``` s/s pain anorexia exercise intolerance fatigue malaise ``` sickle cell crisis: decreased blood flow-- decreased O2-- pain ``` treatment: bedrest ****hydration (push apart sickled cells and improves circulation) analgesics antibiotics blood transfusions O2 hydroxurea ```

Answer 8

inherited as a x-linked recessive trait ``` s/s: lordosis (curvature of lower spine) waddling gait frequent falls weakness in muscles toe walking Gower's sign (climbing/walking up to get off of floor) ``` ``` treatment: maintain optimal muscle function with PT prevent contractures steroids to improve muscle strength and respiratory function support groups palliative care ```

Answer 9

hyper-cyanotic spells seen in children with tetraology of fallot ``` treatment: knee to chest position (decreases venous return from the lower extremities and increases systemic resistance which diverts blood to the pulmonary artery for oxygenation) 100% O2 morphine for sedation monitor CO ``` ``` prevention: quiet play minimize stress respond to crying quick usually do to congenital heart defects ```

Answer 10

``` s/s in newborns and children under 2 (nonspecific s/s seem to be a GI issue) failure to thrive feeding problems vomiting diarrhea ``` ``` causes: renal anomalies constipation bubble baths poor hygiene pin worms sexual activity (sexual abuse) ``` ``` s/s over 2yo: frequency dysuria fever flank pain hematuria foul smelling urine ``` diagnosis: urine specimen most accurate = catheterization ``` treatment: antibiotics teach prevention: proper wiping no bubble baths cotton underwear limited carbonated drinks ```

Answer 11

disturbance of the ventricular circulation of CSF CSF builds up and causes high ICP ``` s/s bulging fontanelle with head enlargement dilated scalp veins depressed/sunken eyes irritable and changes in LOC high pitched cry setting sun sign (you can see white all the way around the iris) ``` ``` diagnosis: head circumference (up to 3yo) ``` ``` surgical treatment: insert VP shunt postop: measure head circumference assess for bulging fontanels and widening cranial suture lines monitor temp supine position ``` frequently associated with myelomeningocele: protect the sack and don't let it rupture should be lying prone cover sack with sterile dressing that is moist

Answer 12

musculoskeletal disorder consisting of lateral curvature and rotation of the spin idiopathic or congenital factors: heavy backpacks bags carrying children on hips treatment: observation orthosis (supports and braces) operation (spinal fusion w/ rods)

Answer 13

``` communicable disease that is rare same virus causes shingles as they get older prevent infection of the lesions contagious varicella zoster (vaccine) home remedies: oatmeal bath and baking soda ```

Answer 14

highly controlling expects to be obeyed inflexible rules

Answer 15

sets reasonable limits on behavior encourages growing autonomy of child open communication

Answer 16

``` few or no restraints unconditional love much freedom little guidance no limit setting ```

Answer 17

no limit setting lacks affection for the child focused on own life