peer review

Question 1

what is peer review

Answer 1

when before a publication in a journal the paper is assessed by people who are experts in the same area as the author

Question 2

stage 1 of peer review

Answer 2

submit a paper to an academic journal, journal then sends to peers

Question 3

stage 2 of peer review

Answer 3

peers consider the reser h design and methods
- any uncontrolled extraneous variables
- data analysis checked ti se if they support conclusions

Question 4

stage 3 of peer review

Answer 4

peers decide whether or not they can reccomend paper for publication
either accept or reject and suggest changes or reject and say theres no possibility of re sumbission

Question 5

strengths of peer review

Answer 5

• scientists knowledge that work will be checked means theyll be more likely to self regulate the quality of work, be honest and careful in planning, conducting,analysing data and justfying conclusions
• media reports scientific findings so peer review aids scientific communciation and helping public decide if claims should be trusted or not. important as acceptance of scientific findings that turn out to be flawed could reduce the publics trust in the scientfic process
• amount and quality of peer review work can help to asses the quality of diff academic institutions giving them a rating. univeristies and research labs with a history of producing peer reviewed articles are likely to be favoured by students and recieve government funding

Question 6

weaknesses of peer review

Answer 6

• journals may struggle to find suitable peers with enough knowledge in new or niche areas
• professional rivalries, rejecting a journal to publish it first
• peers feel unable to challenge work of academic leaders either assuming they are correct or fearing neg response

Question 7

ways of dealing w weaknesses of pper review (prof rivalry and fear of challening work of academic leaders)

Answer 7

single blind: authour doesnt know who peers are
double blind: author doesnt know who peers are and peers dont know who author is

Question 8

issues w single or double blind

Answer 8

• problematic bc writers can be identified by writing style, anonomous peers more likely to steal ideas of be excessivley harsh
• publication bias, publishhig +ve findings and not the -ve for other scientists to find