inferential statistics

Question 1

If the likelihood results are due to chance is less than p=<0.05 then the results are judged to be ….

Answer 1

Significant, the alternate hypothesis is accepted and the null is rejected

Question 2

What acronym do we use

Answer 2

Space weather Really
contains many Ufos
chasing small pigs

Question 3

Labels going across and down

Answer 3

Levels of measurement across
Nominal, ordinal, interval
Test for difference going down
Related data (matched pairs or repeated measures)
Unrelated data (Independent groups design)
Correlation

Question 4

Tests in order of acronym

Answer 4

Sign test Wilcoxon related t test
Chi2 Mann Whitney Unrelated t test
Chi2 Spearman’s rho Pearsons R

Question 5

Steps of using critical value table

Answer 5

1) Find the calculated value in the stem (Can be asked to calculate for the sign test)
2) Identify the number of participants (N)
/degrees of freedom (df) in the study
3) Identify the level of significance used.
This should be 0.05 (0.01 is used if the study is controversial or a replication)
4) Identify if the study is one-tailed/ directional, previous research suggests direction or two-tailed / non-directional, there is no/inconsistent previous research
5) Is the critical value greater or less than the calculated value?

Question 6

Template sentence to state p value and sig

Answer 6

Yes/No the result is/is not significant As the observed/ calculated value, (__), is (greater/less) than the critical value, (, we must (accept/reject) the alternate hypothesis at (p<0.05 / p<0.01) for a (one/two)-tailed test.

Question 7

Chi2 formula

Answer 7

Degrees of freedom (def) = (r-1) x (c-1)
C= number of columns
R=number of rows

Question 8

How to calc sign test

Answer 8

Step 1: Subtract each participant’s score in condition B from A. Clearly note the sign of each result (+ or -)
Step 2: Work out the number of participants (N). Exclude any participants with the same score in both conditions. (So how many +/-)
Step 3: work out (S). This is the LEAST frequent sign (+ or -)
Step 4: Use the critical value table to find the critical value, read across from N calculated in step 3 and down from the level of significance required
Step 5: Compare the critical value to
S. If S is equal to or less than the critical value the results are significant