Period 4.1-4.7 Flashcards
(28 cards)
Democratic Republicans
Evolution of the Anti-Federalist party that emphasized the powers reserved to states and leaned towards the French.
Federalists
Stood for a stronger national government and leaned towards Great Britain in terms of international affairs.
Strict Interpretation
Restriction of the Constitution to the powers explicitly stated within the document, followed by Jefferson and the Anti-Federalists.
Loose Interpretation
View of the Federalists mainly that ascribed powers to the government that they argued were implied within the Constitution.
Judicial Review
Established within Marbury v. Madison, set the precedent that the Supreme Court could now overrule actions of the other two branches of the federal government.
Marbury v. Madison
Established the theory of Judicial Review, Marshall ruled that the Judiciary Act of 1789 had given the Court greater power than the Constitution allowed and declared the Act unconstitutional.
McCulloch v. Maryland
Marshall ruled that a state could not tax a federal institution and that federal laws supercede state ones. Also settled the debate over the constitutionality of the bank, citing implied powers.
Louisiana Purchase
The buying of the Louisiana territory from France for $15 million. Caused an issue for Jefferson due to his policy of strict interpretation, but he set this aside for the purchase.
Era of Good Feelings
Began with the election of James Monroe as president in 1816. The Federalists dissolved and the Democratic-Republicans dominated politics, which led to a perception of national unity.
Missouri Compromise
Proposal by Henry Clay that won majority support for bills that would present a compromise: Missouri becomes a slave state, Maine a free state, and slavery would be prohibited above the 36th parallel.
Protective Tariff
Congress raised tariffs for the purpose of protecting U.S. manufacturers from competition, the first of its kind in U.S. history. New England was the only region to not support this.
American System
Proposal by Henry Clay to advance the nation’s economic growth: establish protective tariffs, a national bank, and internal improvements in manufacturing. Would also raise revenue for a system of federal roads and canals
Sectionalism
Loyalty to one’s own region as opposed to the Union, largely brought about in regards to the debate over slavery.
War of 1812
War between Britain and the US because of the continued violations of neutrality by the British and the threat they posed on the western frontier. Ended with the Treaty of Ghent and was decided to be a stalemate.
Barbary Pirates
Jefferson refused to pay a tribute to pirates off the coast of North Africa and sent a small fleet to protect U.S. merchant ships. Was not a decisive victory but garnered a level of respect for the new nation.
Monroe Doctrine
The declaration to Europe that monarchical influence over the Americas would not be tolerated, was backed with the might of the British fleet.
Old Northwest
6 states that joined the Union before 1860: Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota. Settled through the Northwest Ordinance.
Cumberland Road
Or the national road, a highway extending over a thousand miles from Maryland to Illinois and built using both federal and state powers.
Erie Canal
Strengthened the economic ties between the West and East, built in New York State and spurred on many smaller canal construction.
Telegraph
Transmitted messages along wires almost instantaneously, invented by Samuel Morse.
Lowell System
Strategy to gain more labor for factories in which owners recruited young farm women and housed them in company dormitories. Factories also often used child labor.
Cotton gin
Machine created by Eli Whitney that more efficiently separated the fiber from the seeds of cotton. Created King Cotton and caused a boom in the South’s dependence on slaves.
Industrial Revoltuion
Time period in which significant technological advances caused the economy to shift dramatically from agriculture to manufacturing.
Unions
Organization of laborers aiming to protect the interests of workers. Win the right to negotiate labor contracts and helped pass laws such as a 10 hour work day in some states.
