Period 8.8-8.15

Question 1

Domino Theory

Answer 1

Analogy made by Eisenhower justifying US involvement in Vietnam, claiming that Communism would overtake Asia and Oceania if the country adopted it.

Question 2

SEATO

Answer 2

The Southeast Asia Treaty Organization; defense pact that eight nations signed agreeing to come to the aid of each other if an attack was made in the region.

Question 3

Tonkin Gulf Resolution

Answer 3

Measure approved by Congress giving Acting President Johnson essentially all powers to protect US interest in Vietnam, drastically escalating the war.

Question 4

Credibility Gap

Answer 4

A loss in the public’s trust in the government’s handling of the Vietnam War, particularly aimed at Johnson. They felt their leaders had a poor understanding of the war effort.

Question 5

Tet Offensive

Answer 5

Major strike by the Vietcong into South Vietnam cities and US bases. The attack was extremely unsuccessful but demonstrated to the American public that the war was not as close to being over as Johnson claimed.

Question 6

Hawks v. Doves

Answer 6

Clash between pro-war “hawks” and anti-war “doves” that divided America and challenged Johnson’s presidency and re-election.

Question 7

Vietnamization

Answer 7

Nixon’s program of gradually ending US involvement in Vietnam without appearing as if he were conceding the war.

Question 8

Kent State

Answer 8

The killing of a number of students at different universities by the National Guard during peace protests on the campuses.

Question 9

Pentagon Papers

Answer 9

A secret government study documenting the mistakes and deceptions of government policymakers in dealing with Vietnam.

Question 10

War Powers Act

Answer 10

Passed in Congress over a veto, required Nixon and any future president to report to Congress within 48 hours of taking military action and limited presidential war powers in other ways.

Question 11

Great Society

Answer 11

Johnson’s policy of expanding the New Deal while making progress towards ending poverty and racial injustice.

Question 12

War on Poverty

Answer 12

Declaration by Johnson that committed to ending poverty through programs such as the Office of Economic Opportunity.

Question 13

Silent Spring

Answer 13

Rachel Carson’s expose that was partially responsible for the government’s passing of clear water and air laws.

Question 14

Immigration Act of 1965

Answer 14

Act under Johnson that ended the ethnic quota restrictions on immigration that heavily favored Europeans.

Question 15

Letter from a Birmingham Jail

Answer 15

Written by MLK Jr. while spending time unjustly in prison that called for non-violent protests and motivated Kennedy to adopt a stronger Civil Rights Bill.

Question 16

March on Washington 1963

Answer 16

One of the largest demonstrations in US history, led by MLK Jr. This march was in support of jobs and the civil rights bill and featured King’s “I Have a Dream” speech.

Question 17

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Answer 17

Made segregation illegal in all public facilities and gave the government more power to desegregate schools.

Question 18

24th Amendment

Answer 18

Abolished the practice of collecting a poll tax.

Question 19

Voting Rights Act 1965

Answer 19

Ended literacy tests and provided federal registrars in areas where African Americans had been kept from voting since Reconstruction.

Question 20

Black Muslim

Answer 20

Movement led by Elijah Muhammad that preached Black nationalism, separatism, and self-improvement. This movement was much more militant than the one encouraged by MLK Jr, as it called for Black violence to counter White violence.

Question 21

Black Panthers

Answer 21

Organized by Huey Newton, Bobby Seale, and others as a revolutionary socialist movement advocating self-rule for African Americans.

Question 22

The Feminine Mystique

Answer 22

Betty Friedan’s book that encouraged middle class women to seek fulfillment in careers in addition to their roles in the home

Question 23

NOW

Answer 23

National Organization for Women; group that utilized effective strategies from other civil rights movements to secure equal treatment.

Question 24

Title IX

Answer 24

A statute passed by Congress to end discrimination based on sex in schools that receive federal funding

Question 25

Equal Rights Amendment

Answer 25

Proposed amendment that would enshrine equal protections based on sex in the Constitution, passed in Congress but failed to pass among the states.

Question 26

AIM

Answer 26

American Indian Movement; response to Eisenhower's attempt to make NAs assimilate into urban America, was militant and resulted in some limited reforms.

Question 27

Gay Rights Movement

Answer 27

Movement erupted after a police raid on Stonewall Inn, resulted in limited reforms such as being authorized to be employed federally and enlist in the military.

Question 28

Warren Court

Answer 28

The Supreme Court's focus shifted from protecting property rights to protecting individual rights under Chief Justice Earl Warren.

Question 29

SDS

Answer 29

Students for a Democratic Society; radical student organization led by Tom Hayden which called for university decisions to be made through participatory democracy.

Question 30

Counterculture

Answer 30

A movement developed in the Baby Boomer generation as a reaction to the conservatism of the past. This culture leaned hard to the left, encouraging protests and change.

Question 31

Woodstock

Answer 31

Music Festival in New York in which hundreds of thousands of youths gathered. The drug use on display at this event represented the excesses of the movement and would lead to its downfall.

Question 32

Three Mile Island

Answer 32

Accident at a power plant in Pennsylvania that soured public opinion against the construction of additional nuclear power plants.

Question 33

Earth Day

Answer 33

Holiday that reflected the nation's growing environmental concerns.

Question 34

EPA

Answer 34

Environmental Protection Agency; an independent federal agency that regulated and enforced federal programs on waste and water pollution, radiation issues, etc.

Question 35

Clean Air Act

Answer 35

Regulated air emissions and authorized the EPA to set standards on harmful pollutants to protect public health.

Question 36

Clean Water Act

Answer 36

Legislation following the clean air act that regulated waste products in water.

Question 37

Endangered Species Act

Answer 37

Created to protect critically endangered species such as the bald eagle and to protect the ecosystems wildlife depended on.

Question 38

Antinuclear Movement

Answer 38

Grew out of public fear for the harm potentially caused by nuclear power plants which halted commitments to build more of the plants.

Question 39

Silent Majority

Answer 39

A growing group of conservatives, including many Democrats, that Nixon claimed would turn to the Republican side away from liberal policies.

Question 40

Watergate

Answer 40

Scandal involving the bugging of DNC headquarters and other instances of corruption by the Nixon administration that led to his resignation.

Question 41

Impeachment

Answer 41

Hearings begun by the House of Representatives that put Nixon on trial for his involvement in the Watergate cover-up and demanded the release of tapes with incriminatory evidence.

Question 42

National Malaise

Answer 42

Speech made by Carter blaming the US's problems on a "moral and spiritual crisis" of the American people. This did not help his already low approval ratings.

Question 43

Moral Majority

Answer 43

Group founded by an evangelist from Virginia that financed campaigns to unseat liberal members of Congress, along with attacking secular humanism and encouraging creationism in schools.