Period 5.7-5.12 Flashcards
(25 cards)
Secession
The separation of eleven Southern states from the Union because of the North’s worsening view of slavery. This action sparked the Civil War
Fort Sumter
Federal fort in South Carolina which was the site of the battle that began the Civil War. The attack on the fort and its capture by Southern States united the North in a movement to preserve the Union.
Confederate States of America
Made up of the Southern states that seceded from the Union, it had a Constitution modeled after the US’s with a few limitations. It was chronically broke and severely unorganized.
Anaconda Plan
Use the U.S. Navy to blockade Southern Ports, take control of the Mississippi River, and conquer Richmond.
Antietam
Battle in which Lee led his forces into Maryland, hoping to achieve a victory on Union soil, convincing foreign powers to assist the Confederacy. While ultimately a draw, this translated to a major Confederate defeat.
Gettysburg
Major turning point in the Eastern Front, Lee invaded Southern Pennsylvania in hopes of demoralizing the North. After the bloodiest battle of the war, the Union emerged victorious, permanently putting the Confederacy on the defensive.
Sherman’s March
Campaign of deliberate destruction led by General Sherman, breaking the South by ruining infrastructure and food supply.
Habeas Corpus
Right that was suspended by the Union in states with Confederate sympathies that allowed people to be arrested without being informed of the charges against them, resulting in many bring jailed without trial.
Emancipation Proclamation
Declaration of Abraham Lincoln that all slaves within Confederate states would now be recognized as free by the government.
Copperheads
Also known as Peace Democrats, a political group within the Union that wished to make peace with the Confederacy and opposed the war.
Gettysburg Address
Speech made by Lincoln after the Battle of Gettysburg that discussed the idea of this war bringing greater freedom to the country.
Homestead Act
Promoted settlement of the Great Plains by offering large parcels of land for free to anyone who farmed the land for 5 years. This helped many whites but few African Americans.
Reconstruction
Period after the Civil War during which Northern political leaders created plans for the governance of the South and a procedure for former Southern states to rejoin the Union
Wade-Davis Bill
Bill in which Congress, objecting to Lincoln’s 10% plan, required 50% of voters in a state to take a loyalty oath before reestablishing its government. In addition, only non-Confederates could vote for the state Constitution.
Freedmen’s Bureau
Agency created by Congress that acted as a welfare agency for both Black and White Americans destitute by the war. Initially had the authority to resettle people, but turned its attention to education of freedpeople.
13th Amendment
Removed the institution of slavery from the entire US, including the previously unaffected border states.
14th Amendment
Declared that all people in the US were citizens, states must respect the rights of all citizens, disqualified former Confederate leaders from holding office, penalized states if they kept eligible citizens from voting.
15th Amendment
Prohibited any state from denying a citizen’s right to vote based on race. However, this did not prevent states from passing other voting restrictions that disproportionately affected African Americans.
Scalawags
Term given to Southern Republicans who supported Reconstruction after the Civil War.
Carpetbaggers
Term given to a person who moved from the North to the South during the Reconstruction period for various reasons.
Credit Mobilier
Corrupt economic affair in which insiders gave stock to influential members of Congress to avoid an investigation of the profits they were making from government subsidies and building the Transcontinental Railroad.
Ku Klux Klan
Secret society founded by former Confederate general Nathaniel Bedford Forrest. The group burned black-owned buildings and flogged and murdered thousands of freedmen to keep them from exercising Period after the Civil War during which Northern political leaders created plans for the governance of the South and a procedure for former Southern states to rejoin the Unio voting rights.
Black Codes
Conservative-dominated Southern state legislatures passed these codes that restricted rights of African Americans: they could not rent land, testify against whites in court, and they had to sign work agreements or be arrested for vagrancy.
Sharecropping
System created to keep slaves dependent on their former masters, the landlord would provide seed and farm supplies in return for a share of the harvest.
