Peripheral arterial and venous disease Flashcards Preview

Year 2 Cardiovascular > Peripheral arterial and venous disease > Flashcards

Flashcards in Peripheral arterial and venous disease Deck (25)
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1
Q

what is the main etiology of peripheral arterial disease?

A

atherosclerosis

2
Q

what are the two main risk factors for peripheral arterial disease?

A

tobacco use

diabetes mellitus

3
Q

what is the most common symptom / clinical clue of peripheral arterial disease?

A

intermittent claudication - cramping

4
Q

what is the pathology of peripheral arterial disease?

A

segmental lesions causing stenosis or occlusion are usually localized to small and medium-sized vessels

5
Q

peripheral arterial disease usually involves what vessels?

A

AA / iliac arteries
femoral and popliteal
distal vessels - tibial, peroneal

6
Q

an ABI ratio (ankle to brachial) greater than 1 indicates:

A

normal

7
Q

an ABI ratio (ankle to brachial) less than 1 indicates:

A

occlusive disease

8
Q

an ABI ratio (ankle to brachial) less than 0.5 indicates:

A

severe ischemia

9
Q

definition: fibromuscular dysplasia

A

hyperplastic disorder affecting small and medium sized renal arteries

10
Q

who is the classic fibromuscular dysplasia patient?

A

young active female with BP problems

11
Q

what is the treatment for fibromuscular dysplasia?

A

PTA and surgical reconstruction

12
Q

definition: thromboangiitis obliterans (buerger’s disease)

A

inflammatory disease of the small and medium sized arteries and veins of the extremities

13
Q

who is the classic patient for buerger’s disease (thromboangiitis obliterans)?

A

young male who smokes

14
Q

young active female with BP issues - what is the likely condition?

A

fibromuscular dysplasia

15
Q

young male smoker with peripheral vascular problem (hands) - what is the likely condition?

A

buerger’s disease (thromboangiitis obliterans)

16
Q

definition: atheroembolism

A

subset of acute arterial occlusion - multiple small deposites of fibrin, platelets, and cholesterol debris embolizing downstream

17
Q

definition: raynaud’s disease

A

syndrome manifested by attacks of pallor and cyanosis of the digits in response to cold or emotion

18
Q

definition: livido reticularis

A

localized areas on the extremities develop a reddish blue rete or net like appearance

19
Q

virchow’s triad

what is the significance

A
  1. stasis
  2. vascular damage
  3. hypercoagulability

predisposing factors to venous thrombosis

20
Q

what is homan’s sign? what is it used for?

A

increased resistance or pain during forced plantarflexion

DVT

21
Q

what are the gold standards for DVT diagnosis?

A
  1. ascending contrast enography

2. doppler

22
Q

what is the most common finding on CXR of a patient with a known PE?

A

normal

23
Q

if there ARE findings seen on CXR, they are:

A

hamptom’s hump

24
Q

what test is used to diagnose PE?

A

pulmonary angiography

25
Q

what are the treatments for PE?

A
heparin 
warfarin 
thrombolytics 
filter 
surgical removal