Dyslipidemia

Question 1

what is the composition of lipoproteins?

Answer 1

• lipid core - TAGs, cholesterol, cholesterol esters
• phospholipid monolayer
• structural apolipoproteins

Question 2

what is the function of apo B100?

Answer 2

binds LDL receptor

Question 3

what is the function of apo B48?

Answer 3

structural role only

Question 4

what is the function of apoE?

Answer 4

binds LDL receptor

Question 5

what is the function of apo CII?

Answer 5

activates LPL

Question 6

what is the function of apo AI?

Answer 6

activates LCAT

Question 7

where are chylomicrons made?

Answer 7

enterocyte

Question 8

where are VLDLs made?

Answer 8

liver

Question 9

where are IDLs made?

Answer 9

circulation from VLDL

Question 10

where are LDLs made?

Answer 10

in circulation from IDL

Question 11

where are HDLs made?

Answer 11

liver 80% intestine 20%

Question 12

what is the major cartage role of chylomicrons?

Answer 12

dietary TAGs

Question 13

what is the major cartage role of VLDL?

Answer 13

TAGs from LIVER

Question 14

what is the major cartage role of IDL?

Answer 14

C,CE back to liver, also becomes LDLs

Question 15

what is the major cartage role of LDL?

Answer 15

C,CE back to liver AND extrahepatic tissue

Question 16

what is the major cartage role of HDL?

Answer 16

C,CE from extrahepatic tissue back to liver

Question 17

what is the role of HMG CoA reductase?

Answer 17

reduces HMD-CoA conversion to mevalonic acid in cholesterol biosynthesis (liver, intestine)

Question 18

what is the rate limiting step in cholesterol biosynthesis?

Answer 18

HMG CoA reductase

Question 19

what is the role of lipoprotein lipase?

Answer 19

hydrolyzes TG core of chylomicrons, VLDL, and IDL

Question 20

LPL is induced by what molecule?

Answer 20

insulin

Question 21

where is LPL located in the body?

Answer 21

capillary walls

Question 22

what is the role of hepatic lipase?

Answer 22

hydrolyzes TAG in IDL to facilitate conversion to LDL

Question 23

what is the role of cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP)?

Answer 23

transfers cholesterol esters from HDL to other lipoproteins in exchange for TG, phospholipids, and cholesterol

Question 24

where is CETP located?

Answer 24

HDL

Question 25

what is the role of lecithin cholesterol transferase (LCAT)?

Answer 25

transfers fatty acids from lecithin to C to form CE in HDL - keeps concentration low in the phospholipid monolayer

Question 26

where is LCAT located?

Answer 26

HDL

Question 27

which lipoprotein family is atherogenic?

Answer 27

apoB (non HDL)

Question 28

which has a longer residence time in the plasma - small dense LDL or hepatic LDL?

Answer 28

small dense LDL

Question 29

what is the morphology of LP(a)?

Answer 29

LDL with an additional apolipoprotein tail attached to apoB

Question 30

what is the significance of LP(a) with respect to coagulation?

Answer 30

apo(a) has structural similarity to plasminogen and competitively inhibits conversion to plasmin

Question 31

what is the fate of cholesterol once it is returned to the liver?

Answer 31

conversion to bile acids

Question 32

chylomicrons are associated with what apoB protein?

Answer 32

apoB 48

Question 33

VLDL / IDL / LDL are associated with what apoB protein?

Answer 33

apoB 100

Question 34

which apolipoprotein is present in HDL?

Answer 34

apoA-1

Question 35

apoA-1 is present in which lipoprotein family?

Answer 35

HDLs

Question 36

what is the screening regimen for dyslipidemia?

Answer 36

lipid profile every well adult over 20 every 5 years

Question 37

small dense LDL development is promoted by what conditions?

Answer 37

- insulin resistance - high TG - low HDL