Dyslipidemia Flashcards Preview

Year 2 Cardiovascular > Dyslipidemia > Flashcards

Flashcards in Dyslipidemia Deck (37)
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1
Q

what is the composition of lipoproteins?

A
  • lipid core - TAGs, cholesterol, cholesterol esters
  • phospholipid monolayer
  • structural apolipoproteins
2
Q

what is the function of apo B100?

A

binds LDL receptor

3
Q

what is the function of apo B48?

A

structural role only

4
Q

what is the function of apoE?

A

binds LDL receptor

5
Q

what is the function of apo CII?

A

activates LPL

6
Q

what is the function of apo AI?

A

activates LCAT

7
Q

where are chylomicrons made?

A

enterocyte

8
Q

where are VLDLs made?

A

liver

9
Q

where are IDLs made?

A

circulation from VLDL

10
Q

where are LDLs made?

A

in circulation from IDL

11
Q

where are HDLs made?

A

liver 80% intestine 20%

12
Q

what is the major cartage role of chylomicrons?

A

dietary TAGs

13
Q

what is the major cartage role of VLDL?

A

TAGs from LIVER

14
Q

what is the major cartage role of IDL?

A

C,CE back to liver, also becomes LDLs

15
Q

what is the major cartage role of LDL?

A

C,CE back to liver AND extrahepatic tissue

16
Q

what is the major cartage role of HDL?

A

C,CE from extrahepatic tissue back to liver

17
Q

what is the role of HMG CoA reductase?

A

reduces HMD-CoA conversion to mevalonic acid in cholesterol biosynthesis (liver, intestine)

18
Q

what is the rate limiting step in cholesterol biosynthesis?

A

HMG CoA reductase

19
Q

what is the role of lipoprotein lipase?

A

hydrolyzes TG core of chylomicrons, VLDL, and IDL

20
Q

LPL is induced by what molecule?

A

insulin

21
Q

where is LPL located in the body?

A

capillary walls

22
Q

what is the role of hepatic lipase?

A

hydrolyzes TAG in IDL to facilitate conversion to LDL

23
Q

what is the role of cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP)?

A

transfers cholesterol esters from HDL to other lipoproteins in exchange for TG, phospholipids, and cholesterol

24
Q

where is CETP located?

A

HDL

25
Q

what is the role of lecithin cholesterol transferase (LCAT)?

A

transfers fatty acids from lecithin to C to form CE in HDL - keeps concentration low in the phospholipid monolayer

26
Q

where is LCAT located?

A

HDL

27
Q

which lipoprotein family is atherogenic?

A

apoB (non HDL)

28
Q

which has a longer residence time in the plasma - small dense LDL or hepatic LDL?

A

small dense LDL

29
Q

what is the morphology of LP(a)?

A

LDL with an additional apolipoprotein tail attached to apoB

30
Q

what is the significance of LP(a) with respect to coagulation?

A

apo(a) has structural similarity to plasminogen and competitively inhibits conversion to plasmin

31
Q

what is the fate of cholesterol once it is returned to the liver?

A

conversion to bile acids

32
Q

chylomicrons are associated with what apoB protein?

A

apoB 48

33
Q

VLDL / IDL / LDL are associated with what apoB protein?

A

apoB 100

34
Q

which apolipoprotein is present in HDL?

A

apoA-1

35
Q

apoA-1 is present in which lipoprotein family?

A

HDLs

36
Q

what is the screening regimen for dyslipidemia?

A

lipid profile every well adult over 20 every 5 years

37
Q

small dense LDL development is promoted by what conditions?

A
  • insulin resistance
  • high TG
  • low HDL