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Peripherial Nervous System Flashcards

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1
Q

How many pairs of cranial nerves?

A

12

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2
Q

Which 2 cranial nerves are entirely sensory?

A

1 and 2

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3
Q

What cranial nerves are entirely motor?

A

3, 4 & 6

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4
Q

True/False: several cranial nerves are autonomic

A

True

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5
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves?

A

31

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6
Q

All spinal nerves except which one are both motor/sensory?

A

C1

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7
Q

What side of the spine do sensory nerves run?

A

Dorsal

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8
Q

What side of spine do motor nerves run?

A

Ventral

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9
Q

What is a map of somatosensory input from specific areas of skin that corresponds with specific nerves called?

A

Dermatome map

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10
Q

Where is spinal gray matter?

A

Center of spinal cord

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11
Q

What does spinal gray matter contain?

A

Cell bodies of nerve cells

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12
Q

What matter contains high fat content and myelination of fibers?

A

White matter

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13
Q

What fibers run up the white matter to the brain?

A

Afferent (sensory)

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14
Q

What fibers run down the white matter from the brain?

A

Efferent (motor)

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15
Q

What is contained in the Lateral Horn of gray matter?

A

Cell bodies of autonomic nerves

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16
Q

What part activates a contraction when a rapid stretch to the muscle happens?

A

Muscle spindle

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17
Q

What branch of the PNS controls smooth and cardiac muscle and glands?

A

Autonomic

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18
Q

What are 2 parts of autonomic nervous system?

A

1) sympathetic
2) parasympathetic

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19
Q

What part of autonomic nervous system controls fight/flight?

A

Sympathetic

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20
Q

What part of autonomic nervous system controls rest/digest?

A

Parasympathetic

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21
Q

For the most part, are autonomic nerves afferent or efferent?

A

Mostly efferent but afferent nerves can get signals from viscera

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22
Q

What is the usual organization of the autonomic nervous system?

A

2 cells + 2 synapses

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23
Q

Where are pre ganglionic cell bodies of sympathetic nervous system located?

A

Lateral horn of spinal cord between T1-L3

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24
Q

Where are pre ganglionic cell bodies of the Parasympathetic nervous system located?

A

1) Midbrain
2) medulla
3) lateral horn T12-L1

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25
What cranial nerves are part of parasympathetic nervous system whose cell bodies sit in the midbrain and medulla?
3, 7, 9 & 10
26
Where do parasympathetic nerves in T12-L1 exit the vertebral canal?
S2-S4
27
Where are post ganglionic cells of the sympathetic nervous system located?
1) parabvertebral ganglia 2) prevertebral ganglia
28
Where is the pre ganglionic neuron located?
In CNS
29
Where is post ganglion neuron located?
In a peripheral ganglion outside the CNS
30
What runs parallel to spinal cord on both sides of vertebral column?
Sympathetic Chain Ganglion
31
Where does 1st synapse of preganglion cells occur?
Sympathetic chain ganglion
32
What is another word for the sympathetic chain ganglion?
Para vertebral ganglia
33
What 2 cell bodies make their 1st synapse in the prevertebral ganglia?
1) celiac 2) hypogastric
34
What arm of sympathetic nervous system does not follow the 2 cells, 2 synapse arrangement?
Endocrine
35
In the endocrine arm of the sympathetic nervous system, what structure do preganglionic neurons directly innervate?
Adrenal medulla
36
Where is the adrenal medulla?
In the center of the adrenal glands
37
What is released by the adrenal medulla when stimulated?
Epinephrine
38
Where does adrenal medulla release epinephrine?
Directly into blood
39
Where does epinephrine in blood go?
Directly to target cells
40
Where is 1st cell body located in the parasympathetic nervous system?
Midbrain and medulla
41
Which cranial nerve conveys 70% of the parasympathetic nervous system to our body?
Vagus (#10)
42
Which cranial nerve innervates almost all of our viscera?
Vagus (10)
43
What functions do the preganglionic neurons that exit through S2-S4 affect?
Pelvic viscera (bladder, anal sphincter)
44
What is length of preganglionic fibers of sympathetic nervous system?
Short
45
What is length of postganglionic fibers of sympathetic nervous system?
Long
46
What is neurotransmitter of 1st sympathetic synapse?
Acetylcholine
47
What is post synaptic receptor of 1st sympathetic synapse?
Nicotinic ACH receptors
48
What is neurotransmitter of 2nd sympathetic synapse?
Norepinephrine
49
What is post synaptic receptor (target) for 2nd neurotransmitter of sympathetic nervous system?
Alpha 1, beta 1 or beta 2 receptors
50
What is a term for a receptor that binds to acetylcholine?
Cholinergic
51
What term is used for a receptor that binds to norepinephrine?
Adrenergic
52
What receptor does epinephrine bind to on the target cell
B1 or B2
53
Where are alpha 1 receptors typically found?
Smooth muscle of the vasculature leading to internal organs (viscera)
54
Where are beta 1 receptors typically found?
Cardiac muscle (increases cardio acceleration)
55
Where are Beta 2 receptors found?
On smooth muscle of of lungs, bladder, intestines and uterus (relaxes) Also smooth muscle of vessels leading to skeletal muscle (vasodilation)
56
Where are postganglionic cell bodies of parasympathetic nervous system
In scattered plexi close to or on target organ
57
Are preganglionic fibers of PSNS long or short?
Long
58
Are post ganglionic fibers of PSNS long or short?
Short
59
What is neurotransmitter of 1st synapse in PSNS?
Acetylcholine
60
What is receptor in 1st synapse of PSNS?
Nicotinic ACH receptors
61
What is neurotransmitter in 2nd synapse of PSNS?
Acetylcholine
62
What is receptor in 2nd synapse of PSNS?
Muscarinic ACH receptor
63
Do both SNS and PSNS target the same organs?
Yes
64
What is one exception where both SNS and PSNS doesn’t target the same organ?
Kidneys (SNS only)
65
Control of efferent division of autonomic originate within what parts of brain?
1) hypothalamus 2) brain stem
66
What does ANS control in hypothalamus?
1) body heat 2) water balance 3) appetite
67
What things are controlled by ANS in brain stem?
1) bladder 2) vascular 3) respiratory 4) cardiac
68
In resting condition, which has higher autonomic tone, sympathetic or parasympathetic?
Parasympathetic
69
What is the endocrine arm regulated by PSNS?
GI hormones that regulate digestion
70
What is cranial nerve 1
Olfactory (sensory)
71
Cranial nerve 2?
Optic (sensory)
72
Cranial nerve 3?
Oculomotor (motor) Part of PSNS
73
Cranial 4
Trochlear (eye movement) motor
74
CN 5
Trigeminal Sensory to face Motor for chewing muscles Largest (sensory and motor)
75
CN 6
Abducens (motor) eye movement outward
76
CN 7
Facial Motor & sensory Movement, expression, taste, tears Parasympathetic
77
CN 8
Vestibulocochlear Sensory Balance and hearing
78
CN 9
Glossopharyngeal Sensory and motor Part of PSNS
79
CN 10
Vagus Autonomic 70% of parasympathetic to body Sensory and motor
80
CN 11
Accessory Motor SCM and traps
81
CN 12
Hypoglossal Motor

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