Integumentary System Flashcards
(112 cards)
1
Q
what can too much melanin prevent the production of?
A
Vitamin D
2
Q
what is the hypodermis made of?
A
loose, areolar connective, tissue and fat
3
Q
what shape are cells in granulosum?
A
flat
4
Q
what surrounds the hair’s medulla?
A
cortex
5
Q
what are merocrine glands?
A
same as eccrine
6
Q
what layer of the dermis contains a mesh of collagen and elastin fibers?
A
papillary layer
7
Q
how much of our body’s vitamin D requirement comes from UV exposure to the skin?
A
80%
8
Q
What part of skin provides strength, absorbs friction and is only found on palms of hands and soles of feet?
A
stratum lucidum
9
Q
what is nail body made of?
A
densely packed, dead keratinocytes
10
Q
what are the accessory structures of the integumentary system?
A
1) hair
2) nails
3) glands
11
Q
what does chemotherapy kill in the hair?
A
matrix
12
Q
what sweat gland excretes dermicidin?
A
eccrine
13
Q
What extends from epidermis and encloses hair root; more keratinous in upper region?
A
external root sheath
14
Q
true or false: hair that is external to the skin is dead
A
true
15
Q
what kind of tissue is epidermis made of?
A
closely packed, epithelial cells
16
Q
True or false: stratum, corneum cells are constantly shed and replaced
A
True
17
Q
Gland usually associated with hair follicle
A
apocrine
18
Q
where are sebaceous glands found?
A
All over the body
19
Q
what is the cortex made of?
A
compressed keratinized cells
20
Q
What connects skin and fascia; insulates and stores energy as fat; and cushions
A
hypodermis
21
Q
what layer of skin is also known as the “core“?
A
dermis
22
Q
what are functions if nails?
A
1) protect tips of fingers and toes (areas that experience max mechanical stress)
2) support in picking up small objects
23
Q
what type of cells are in stratum basale?
A
cuboidal epithelial
24
Q
what is hair follicle made of?
A
3 concentric layers of cells
25
how thick is stratum spinosum?
varies in thickness; creates an even upper surface.
26
where are apocrine sweat glands usually found?
deep dermis of underarms and pubic region
27
type of tissue in dermis
dense, irregular connective tissue
28
Type of glands that are:
1) coiled
2) all over skin surface
3) abundant in palms, soles and forehead
Eccrine glands
29
what is the top layer of the dermis?
papillary layer
30
where do accessory structures start in embryos?
in the epidermis
31
what is the Integumentary System?
skin and support structures
32
what do the internal & external root sheaths provide?
1) thickness 2) strength
33
what % of folate can be reduced in 60 minutes if exposed to UV?
30-50%
34
what kind of tissue is the papillary dermis made of?
loose, areolar connective tissue
35
what does melanin do?
1) protects cell dna from UV 2) prevents breakdown of folic acid
36
what are the functions of the skin?
1) protect against environment 2) prevent water loss 3) prevent abrasion 4) deter microbes 5) provide sensation 6) temperature regulation
37
2 types of sweat glands
1) eccrine 2) apocrine
38
what does Meissner corpuscle sense?
1) light touch 2) low frequency vibration
39
thick, clear connective tissue covering hair root and connecting it to dermis
glassy membrane
40
what is the layer of miotically active basal cells in the hair bulb called?
hair matrix
41
what surrounds hair papilla to give hair color?
melanin
42
what is stratum corneum made of?
dead keratinized cells
43
thickness of epidermis
thin = 50-150 microns;
thick = 400-1400 microns
44
how many layers does stratum corneum have?
15-20
45
what do melanocytes do?
make pigment
46
what do sebaceous glands secrete?
sebum or oil
47
what do immune cells in the skin do?
engulf bacteria or pathogens
48
what are sudoriferous glands?
sweat glands
49
what can too much melanin prevent the production of?
vitamin D
50
antibiotic peptide secreted by sweat gland
Dermcidin
51
what is the surface area of skin?
1.5-2.0 square meters
52
where do you find a lot of Merkel cells?
hands and feet
53
what does the hair papilla contain?
capillaries and nerve endings
54
layers of epidermis
1) stratum basale 2) stratum spinosum 3) stratum granulosum 4) stratum lucidum (palms/soles only) 5) stratum corneum
55
what layer of skin contains fibroblasts?
dermis
56
what tissue in hypodermis or subcutaneous layer
loose connective tissue and fat
57
what color is stratum lucidum?
clear
58
what is prime function of eccrine glands?
thermoregulation
59
To secrete through a duct w/o affecting the cells of the gland
what is exocytosis
60
what layer prevents water loss? how?
granulosum; by a lipid film that covers each cell
61
which layer of the dermis contains exocrine and sebaceous glands
reticular
62
what layer of skin provides cells to the nail root matrix?
stratum basale
63
what are keratinocytes?
stem cells that product keratin
64
what chemical in the skin is converted to vitamin D3 when exposed to UV?
7-dehydrocholesterol
65
what structure does the hair bulb surround?
hair papilla
66
what are the two types of melanin?
1) Eumelanin (black/brown) 2) pheomelanin (red)
67
what type of cells are in the internal root sheath?
basal cells that surround the root
68
what are two sensory receptors?
1) Meissner corpuscle
2) pacinian corpuscle
69
how did pheomelanin occur?
Gene mutation
70
what structures are found in the dermis?
1) blood 2) lymph 3) hair 4) nerves 5) mast cells 6) macrophages 7) sweat and oil glands
71
what kind of skin cells are in the hair bulb?
basal cells
72
what are functions of hair?
1) protection from UV/dust 2) provide sensory input 3) thermoregulation 4) communication to outside world
73
what type of tissue is the reticular dermis made of
dense, irregular connective tissue with collagen and elastin
74
what layer covers the hair cortex?
cuticle
75
what does Pacinian corpuscle sense?
1) high frequency vibration 2) pressure
76
what does basal layer attach to?
basement membrane/dermis
77
what sense are Merkel cells involved in?
Touch
78
what is nail body made of?
densely packed dead keratinocytes
79
what are apocrine glands controlled by?
nerves and hormones
80
what is purpose of sebum?
1) lubricate stratum corneum 2) prevent water loss in low humidity 3) has antibacterial properties
81
what does apocrine sweat contain?
1) water 2) salts 3) organic compounds that thicken sweat and cause odor
82
what glands play a part in pheromones?
apocrine
83
what is a melanosome?
A cellular vesicle that distributes melanin into keratinocytes and throughout skin
84
what layers of skin contain keratinocytes?
basal and spinosum
85
what type of melanin was the original?
eumelanin
86
when is keratinization of hair complete?
when cells push through the skin surface
87
typically, how much of body weight is skin?
16%
88
what is hair cuticle made of
very hard, keratinized cells
89
what is the hair’s medulla?
innermost section of hair shaft; “marrow”
90
how many layers are in granulosum?
3-5
91
what layer of the dermis contains a mesh of collagen and elastin fibers?
papillary layer
92
what shape are cells in granulosum?
flat
93
what layer of the dermis contains the hair shaft?
papillary
94
what type of sweat does eccrine glands produce?
hypotonic (more water than solutes)
95
what is stratum lucidum made of?
densely packed keratin
96
where does hair growth start?
basal cells of the bulb
97
what typically stimulates sebaceous gland activity?
hormones after puberty
98
what is the innermost layer of the hair follicle?
internal root sheath
99
what does “cyte” mean?
Cell
100
what do supra nuclear caps made by melanin do?
protect the nucleus from UV to prevent dna mutation
101
what are the layers of the dermis?
1) papillary 2) reticular
102
what are the immune cells in the stratum Spinosum?
epidermal dendritic cells aka: langerhans cells
103
what is the largest organ of the body?
Skin
104
are apocrine glands larger or smaller than eccrine glands?
Larger
105
what is the eponychium
cuticle
106
what part of the hair determines texture (straight/curly)?
Cortex
107
what is nail root?
where nail body forms
108
how many layers in the dermis
Two
109
Where does mitosis occur?
1) stratum basale 2) stratum spinosum
110
name layers of skin
1) epidermis 2) dermis hypodermis or subcutaneous is not really skin but supports
111
what do mast cells do?
create histamine
112
what is the hyponychium
free edge of nail
