Person-Centered Theory

Question 1

As children develop an awareness of themselves, their need for ___ from those around them develops.

Answer 1

positive regard

Question 2

There must be a relationship in which two people are capable of having some impact on each other.

Answer 2

Psychological contact

Question 3

Under psychological contact, Brodley (2000) describes the concept of ___, which refers to the therapist not just being in the same room with the client but also bringing forth her abilities to attend to and be engaged by the client.

Answer 3

presence

Question 4

The Necessary and Sufficient Conditions for Client Change:
The client must be in a state of psychological vulnerability, that is, fearful, anxious, or otherwise distressed.

Answer 4

Incongruence

Question 5

The Necessary and Sufficient Conditions for Client Change:
In the therapeutic relationship, the therapist must genuinely be herself and not “phony.”

Answer 5

Congruence and genuineness

Question 6

___ includes being fully aware of one’s body, one’s communication with others, being spontaneous, and being open in relationships with others (Cornelius-White, 2007).

Answer 6

Congruence

Question 7

___ incorporates being able to be empathic and to offer unconditional posi- tive regard to the client (Wyatt, 2000).

Answer 7

Congruence

Question 8

___ in therapy means that the therapist is his actual self in his encounter with his client. Without facade, he openly has the feelings and attitudes that are flow- ing in him at the moment.

Answer 8

Genuineness

Question 9

Genuineness involves ___; that is, the therapist’s feel- ings are available to him—to his awareness—and he is able to live them, to experience them in the relationship and to communicate them if they persist.

Answer 9

self-awareness

Question 10

The Necessary and Sufficient Conditions for Client Change:
The therapist must have no conditions of acceptance but must accept and appreciate the client as is (Bozarth, 2007; Rogers, 1957).

Answer 10

Unconditional positive regard or acceptance

Question 11

___ does not mean agreement with the client but rather refers to caring for the person as a separate individual.

Answer 11

Acceptance

Question 12

The Necessary and Sufficient Conditions for Client Change:
It is not sufficient for the therapist to unconditionally accept and empathically understand the client. The client must also perceive in some way that she is being understood and accepted.

Answer 12

Perception of empathy and acceptance

Question 13

The Client’s Experience in Therapy:
In therapy, clients learn that they are responsible for themselves both in the therapeutic relationship and more broadly.

Answer 13

Experiencing responsibility

Question 14

The Client’s Experience in Therapy:
Gradually, the client comes to appreciate the empathy and nonconditional positive regard of the therapist. There is a feeling of be- ing cared for and being fully accepted (Rogers, 1953).

Answer 14

Experiencing the therapist

Question 15

The Client’s Experience in Therapy:
The caring and empathy of the thera- pist allow the client to explore fearful or anxiety-producing experiences. These attitudes allow for the client to change and develop (Kalmthout, 2007).

Answer 15

Experiencing the process of exploration

Question 16

The Client’s Experience in Therapy:
As the client struggles, as Mrs. Oak does, there is a sense of progress, even when the client may still feel confused (Kalmthout, 2007).

Answer 16

Experiencing change

Question 17

With self-exploration comes the realization that the deep- est layers of personality are forward moving and realistic (Rogers, 1953). As in- dividuals deal with their angry and hostile feelings, they gradually encounter positive feelings about themselves and others.

Answer 17

Experiencing the self

Question 18

After participating in and listening to many interviews, Rogers (1961) was able to describe ___ stages of therapeutic progress that ranged from being closed, not open to experience, and not self-aware, to the opposite—openness to experience, self-awareness, and positive self-regard.

Answer 18

seven