Pharm autonomics, side effects, toxicities Flashcards by Rat A. Touille

Q

Bethanecol

A

Ach agonist (M3)

Urinary retention

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Q

Methacholine

A

Ach agonist (M3)

Asthma test

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Q

Pilocarpine

A

Ach agonist (M3)

Open-angle and closed-angle glaucoma

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Q

Donepezil/galantamine/rivastigmine

A

AchE inhibitor (indirect Ach agonist)

Alzheimer’s

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Q

Edrophonium

A

AchE inhibitor (indirect Ach agonist)

MG diagnosis

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Q

Neostigmine

A

AchE inhibitor (indirect Ach agonist)

Post-op reversal of Ach blockade

No CNS penetration

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Q

Physostigmine

A

AchE inhibitor (indirect Ach agonist)

Atropine toxicity

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Q

Pyridostigmine

A

AchE inhibitor (indirect Ach agonist)

Myasthenia gravis

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Q

Atropine

A

Ach muscarinic antagonist (anticholinergic)

Eye mydriasis

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Q

Benztropine

A

Ach muscarinic antagonist (anticholinergic)

Parkinson’s and dystonia

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Q

Glycopyrrolate

A

Ach muscarinic antagonist (anticholinergic)

Reduce secretions pre-op

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Q

Ipratropium/tiotroprium

A

Ach muscarinic antagonist (anticholinergic)

COPD/asthma (prevent bronchoconstriction)

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Q

Oxybutynin

A

Ach muscarinic antagonist (anticholinergic)

Overactive bladder, reduce bladder spasms

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Q

Scopolamine

A

Ach muscarinic antagonist (anticholinergic)

Motion sickness

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Q

Albuterol/salmeterol

A

Sympathomimetic
B2>B1

asthma

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Q

Dobutamine

A

Sympathomimetic
B1>B2

Heart failure (inotropic)

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Q

Dopamine

A

Sympathomimetic
D1,D2 > B > a

Unstable bradycardia

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Q

Epinephrine

A

Sympathomimetic
B > a

Anaphylaxis, asthma, open-angle glaucoma

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Q

Isoproterenol

A

Sympathomimetic
Beta! 1 and 2

Electrophysiologic eval of arrhythmias

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Q

Norepinephrine

A

Sympathomimetic
alpha1 > alpha2 > beta1

hypotension (decreased renal perfusion)

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Q

Phenylephrine

A

Sympathomimetic
alpha1 > alpha 2

Hypotension (vasoconstrictor), ocular procedures, rhinitis

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Q

Amphetamine

A

Indirect sympathetic agonist

narcolepsy, obesity, ADHD

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Q

Cocaine

A

Indirect sympathetic agonist

Vasoconstriction, local anesthesia

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Q

Ephedrine

A

Indirect sympathetic agonist

nasal decongestion, urinary incontinence

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Clonidine

Sympatholytic (alpha 2 antagonist) Hypertensive emergency, ADHD, Tourette

alpha-Methyldopa

Hypertension in pregnancy

Phenoxybenzamine

Non selective Alpha blocker Pheochromacytoma

Phentolamine

Non selective Alpha blocker MAO-i pts who ate tyramine (old foods)

Prazosin/tamsulosin

Selective alpha-1 blocker Urinary sx of BPH, PTSD, hypertension

Mirtazepine

Selective alpha-2 blocker Depression

Acetaminophen toxicity treatment

NAC (replenishes glutathione)

AChE inhibitors, organophosphates toxicity treatment

Atropine

Amphetamines toxicity treatment

Ammonia chloride (to acidify urine)

Anti-cholinergics (atropine) toxicity treatment

Physostigmine and control hyperthermia

Benzodiazepines toxicity treatment

Flumanezil

B-blockers toxicity treatment

Glucagon

Carbon monoxide toxicity treatment

100% O2

Copper, arsenic, gold toxicity treatment

Penicillinamine

Cyanide toxicity treatment

Nitrite + thiosulfate

Digoxin toxicity treatment

Anti-digoxin Fab fragments

Heparin toxicity treatment

Protamine sulfate

Iron toxicity treatment

Deferoxamine

Lead toxicity treatment

EDTA, dimercaprol

Mercury toxicity treatment

Dimercprol

Methemoglobin toxicity treatment

Methylene blue

Opioids toxicity treatment

Naloxone, naltrexone

Salicylates toxicity treatment

NaHCO3 (alkaline urine), dialysis

TCAs toxicity treatment

NaHCO3 (plasma alkaline)

tPA, streptokinase, urokinase toxicity treatment

Aminocaproic acid

Warfarin toxicity treatment

FFP, Vit. K

Coronary vasospasm

Cocaine, sumatriptan, ergot alkaloids

Dilated cardiomyopathy

Anthracyclines (doxorubicin chemotherapy)

Torsades de Pointes

Quinidine/sotalol (Class 1a,3), macrolides, antipsychotics

Hot flashes

Tamoxifen, clomiphene

Hyperglycemia

Tacrolimus, protease inhibs, niacin, HCTZ, corticosteroids

Hypothyroidism

Lithium, amiodarone, sulfonamides

Acute cholestatic hepatitis, jaundice

Erythromycin

Diarrhea

Metformin, Erythromycin, Colchicine, Orlistat, Acarbose Might Excite Colon On Accident

Hepatic necrosis

Halothane, death cap mushrooms, Valproic acid, Acetaminophen

Hepatitis

Rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, statins, fibrate

Pancreatitis

Didanosine, corticosteroids, alcohol, valproic acid, azathioprine, diuretics

Agranulocytosis

Ganciclovir, clozapine, carbamazepine, colchicine, methimazole, propylthiouracil (PTU)

Aplastic anemia

Carbamazepine, methimazole, NSAIDs, benzene, chloramphenicol, PTU

Gray baby syndrome

Chloramphenicol

G6PD deficiency hemolysis

isoniazid, sulfonamides, dapsone, primaquine, aspirin, ibuprofen, nitrofurantoin

Megaloblastic anemia

Phenytoin, methotrexate, sulfa drugs

Thrombocytopenia

Heparin

Thrombotic complications

OCPs, hormone replacement therapy

Fat redistribution

protease inhibitors, glucocorticoids

Gingival hyperplasia

Phenytoin, Ca channel blockers, cyclosporine

Hyperuricemia

Pyrazinamide, thiazides, furosemide, niacin, cyclosporine

Myopathy

Fibrates, niacin, colchicine, hydroxychloroquine, interferon-a, penicillinamine, statins, glucocorticoids

Osteoporosis

Corticosteroids, heparin

Photosensitivity

Sulfonamides, amiodarine, tetracyclines, 5-FU

Rash/SJS

anti-epileptic drugs (ie lamotrigine), allopurinol, sulfa drugs, penicillin

SLE-like syndrome

Sulfa drugs, hydralazine, isoniazid, procainamide, phenytoin, etanercept

Teet discoloration

Tetracyclines

Tendonitis/tendon rupture/cartilage damage

Fluoroquinolones

Parkinson-like syndrome

Antipsychotics, reserpine, metoclopramide

Seizures

Isoniazid, bupropion, imipenem, enflurane

Diabetes insipidus

lithium

Fanconi syndrome

Tetracycline

Hemorrhagic cystitis

Cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide

Interstitial nephritis

Methicillin, NSAIDs, furosemide

SIADH

Carbamazepine, cyclophosphamide, SSRIs

Pulmonary fibrosis

Bleomycin, amiodarone, busulfan, methotrexate

Cytochrome p450 inducers

``` Chronic alcohol St. John's wort anti-epileptics (Phenytoin, Phenobarbital, Carbamazepine) Rifampin Griseofulvin (antifungal) ```

Cytochrome p450 inhibitors

``` Acute alcohol Amiodarone Cimetidine Ketoconazole Sulfonamides Isoniazid Grapefruit juice Quinidine Macrolides ```

Cytochrome p450 substrates

Anti-epileptics Theophylline Warfarin OCPs

Sulfa drugs

Probenecid, furosemide, acetazolomide, celecoxib, thiazides, sulfanomides, sulfasalazine, sulfonylureas