Pharmacodynamics/kinetics

Question 1

what the drug does to the body?

Answer 1

pharmacodynamics

Question 2

what is the relationship between size of a dose and intensity of the response produced?

Answer 2

dose-response

Question 3

largest effect that a drug can produce?

Answer 3

maximal efficacy

Question 4

what is a receptor?

Answer 4

has affinity (strength of binding)
nociceptors, mechanoreceptors, thermoreceptors, chemoreceptors

Question 5

produces the same as the body’s internal response

Answer 5

agonist

Question 6

produces a weaker or less effective response than the internal response

Answer 6

partial agonist

Question 7

inhibits the internal response from occurring

Answer 7

antagonist

Question 8

plasma drug level below which therapeutic effects will not occur

Answer 8

minimum effective concentration

Question 9

levels at which a substance can damage an organism

Answer 9

toxic concentration

Question 10

serum concentration needed to achieve desired therapeutics

Answer 10

therapeutic level

Question 11

administration rate = rate of clearance

Answer 11

steady state

Question 12

time required for drug in body to decrease by 50%

Answer 12

half-life

Question 13

greater distance between effective dose and toxic dose

Answer 13

wide therapeutic index: high therapeutic index

Question 14

narrow distance between effective dose and toxic dose

Answer 14

narrow therapeutic index: low therapeutic index

Question 15

50% of research participants had effective dose

Answer 15

ED50

Question 16

50% of research participants had lethal dose

Answer 16

LD50

Question 17

drug level following admin of set number of doses (IVs)

Answer 17

peak level

Question 18

drug level within 30 mins prior to drug admin

Answer 18

trough level

Question 19

drug level not related to admin time, reflects steady state conc.

Answer 19

random level

Question 20

how the body affects the drug

Answer 20

pharmacokinetics

Question 21

movement of a drug from its site of admin into the blood

Answer 21

absorption

Question 22

enteral, oral

Answer 22

PO

Question 23

enteral, sublingual

Answer 23

SL

Question 24

enteral, rectal

Answer 24

PR

Question 25

parenteral, intravenous

Answer 25

IV

Question 26

parenteral, intramuscular

Answer 26

IM

Question 27

parenteral, subcutaneous

Answer 27

SQ

Question 28

Factors affecting drug absorption?

Answer 28

-rate of dissolution -surface area exposure -drug solubility -pH of environment and substance -molecular size -food/drug interactions -blood flow/age/health

Question 29

Mechanisms of absorption?

Answer 29

-passive diffusion -facilitated diffusion -active transport -pinocytoses/phagocytoses

Question 30

Distribution of drug in body?

Answer 30

-protein binding -blood flow -body tissue affinity

Question 31

Relationship of protein binding and free drug concentration?

Answer 31

INVERSE: high protein binding, low free drug; low protein binding, high free drug

Question 32

Protein transport

Answer 32

movement of ions, small molecules, macromolecules, other proteins

Question 33

enzymatic alteration of drug structure

Answer 33

biotransformation

Question 34

Liver activity in metabolism?

Answer 34

-detoxify blood/GI absorbents -first pass effect -activation or deactivation of drugs -cytochrome P450

Question 35

fraction of administered dose reaching systemic circulation

Answer 35

bioavailability IV: 100% non IV: 0-100%

Question 36

where are drugs excreted?

Answer 36

urine, bile, sweat, saliva, breast milk, expired air