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Massage Therapy > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Pharmacology

A

A science that studies the effects that substances have on living organisms, the nature of their chemical structure, how they act within the body, and how the body responds to them

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2
Q

Generic Names

A

The common names of drugs. They contain prefixes and suffixes that indicate the drug classification and provide some clues as to its use and functions. When a company creates a new drug for market, it gives that drug a generic name

(names are always lower cased)

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3
Q

Trade Name

A

Are copyrighted brand names that often do not reflect the actions of the medication but rather are chosen bc they are easy to recant and remember.

The first letter is always capitalized

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4
Q

Analgesic

A

Pain relievers

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5
Q

PDR Nurse’s Drug Handbook

A

A valuable reference guide for the massage therapist. This book provides an easy format for understanding individual drug monographs

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6
Q

Physicians Desk Reference (PDR, PDR.net)

A

Valuable tool for looking up individual drug monographs, but it is not as easy to navigate for the novice practitioner

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7
Q

Drugs to Treat the Skin

A

Skin is an area of particular interest to the massage therapist. The massage therapist must always be aware of conditions that might be contraindication for massage or for the therapists own safety when touching other people who might have areas of concern.

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8
Q

Antipruritics

A

These drugs are used to relieve allergic reactions that cause rashes and itching. They can contain local anesthetic, drying agents, or anti-inflammatory agents, such as corticosteroids and antihistamines

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9
Q

Corticosteroids

Bonus: what is the suffix for Corticosteroids?

A

These drugs can be used locally or systemically to treat allergic skin reactions and inflammation. They are also used topically to treat eczema, psoriasis, and dermatitis

Bonus: cort-

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10
Q

Emollients and Demulcents

A

These topicals are used to soothe or protect the skin. Generally, there are no side effects, although the potential for an allergic reaction always exists

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11
Q

Antifungal

A

These drugs are used in the treatment of candidiasis (vaginal, intestinal, systemic), aphtha (thrush), ringworm, or athlete’s foot.

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12
Q

Antiviral

A

Used in treatments of herpes simplex (cold sores, genital herpes, herpes zester (shingles),or varicella zoster (chicken pox). Treatments can be topical or oral

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13
Q

Antibacterial

A

3 OTC topical antibacterial meds. Those having a systemic effect and the potential for serious side effects are available only by prescription. Therapists should look up these medications for more information

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14
Q

Musculoskeletal and Anti- Inflammatory Drugs

A

Generally, prescription drugs that are used to treat these problems fall into three categories: muscle relaxants, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS), and corticosteroids

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15
Q

Skeletal Muscle Relaxants

A

Used to treat pain, spasms, muscle contraction, and restricted range of motion. Generally, acute back and neck problems are treated medically with a combination of muscle relaxants, bed rest, physical therapy, massage therapy, and analgesic

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16
Q

Nonsteroidal AntiInflammatory Drugs (NSAIDS)

A

used to treat inflammatory conditions such as arthritis, bursitis, gout, muscle strains and sprains, and spondylitis. They work by inhibiting the synthesis of prostaglandins, chemicals that create much of the inflammation and pain associated with conditions such as rheumatism, aches and pain and sprains.

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17
Q

edit: Gastrointestinal Medicastions

A

Can be grouped into 11 categories based on their various actions in the body. Disturbances of the GI system are among the most common complaints of clients and one of the main areas where clients self medicate

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18
Q

Respiratory System Medications and Antihistamines

A

Main classification of respiratory system drugs are bronchodilators, corticosteroids, mycolytics, expectorants, and antitussive

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19
Q

Bronchodilators

Bonus: what does “broncho” mean?

A

Drugs act by alleviating bronchospasms and increasing the capacity of the lungs. These medications are used to treat acute respiratory conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Bonus: “breathing tubes; windpipes”

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20
Q

Antihistamines

A

Drugs that provide relief from the symptoms of allergic reactions caused by histamine responses, such as inflammation, itching, and edema. They are also used to assist in treatment of anaphylactic shock after the acute stage has been treated

21
Q

Cardiovascular medications

A

Drugs that affect the heart and vascular system, and anticoagulants. There are seven subcategories of medications; however some of the drugs have multiple uses and overlap

22
Q

Antihypertensives (hypotensives)

A

Numerous drugs in this category lower blood pressure. Clients who suffer from mild hypertension can often regulate their pressure with program that includes dietary changes, consistent massage therapy treatments, acupuncture, and appropriate exercise

23
Q

ACE inhibitors

A

These drugs are called angiotensin - converting enzymes and work to lower mild to moderate blood pressure and also treat congestive heart failure by decreasing vasoconstriction

24
Q

Coronary Vasodilators

A

These medications are used to treat angina. Angina pectoris is pain in the chest as a result of ischemia, or decreased blood supply , to the heart muscle

25
Q

Nitrates

A

Nitroglycerin comes in several different forms. These are administered for an acute attack, and if the attack is not halted after the first dose, additional doses can be given every 5 minutes, not to exceed 3 does in 15 minutes

26
Q

Anticoagulants vs Antithrombolytics

A

AntiC: prevent blood from clotting and are referred to as blood thinners

AntiT: dissolve clots that have already been formed to prevent a cerebrovascular accident

27
Q

edit: Gout medications

A

These drugs include uricosuric agents, which help with the urinary excretion if Uris acid and which are used for chronic gout and gout arthritis. The other type of medication used is allopurinol, which lowers Uris acid levels

28
Q

Antineoplastic Drugs

A

Stop the growth and spread of malignant cells. Generally, cancer is most successfully treated with combination of therapies such as surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, medications, nutrition, and holistic therapies such as acupuncture, bodywork, imagery, herbs, and supplements

29
Q

Chemotherapy

A

Involves using drugs, often in combination, to relieve the symptoms of cancer while attempting to kill the cancer cells. These drugs are called cytotoxic, meaning that they destroy cells

30
Q

Endocrine System Drugs

A

Hormones can be natural or synthetically. The four classes that affect the pituitary hormones are adrenal corticosteroids, thyroid medications, and anti diabetic drugs

31
Q

Anti diabetic drugs

A

Drugs used to lower blood glucose levels in persons with impaired metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. There are two main types of diabetes: type 1, or insulin dependent (IDDM), and type 2, or non insulin dependent

32
Q

Reproductive System Medications

A

Four main classes of hormones regulate the functions of the reproductive system: gonadotropic, androgens, estrogens, and progestins

33
Q

Anti infective drugs

A

Most important first step in the treatment of infectious is to identify the pathogen and then the specific medication to which it is sensitive. Often the physician orders a broad spectrum antibiotic while waiting for the results of the culture and sensitivity tests

34
Q

Antibiotics

A

A major problem that has resulted from the overuse of antibiotics is the emergence of resistant strains of bacteria such as methicillin resistant. Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and clostridium difficult (aka C-dif)

35
Q

Antivirals

A

Antivirals are used to treat a range of viruses and they share common side effects

36
Q

Analgesics, Sedatives, and Hypnotics

A

The purpose of analgesic is to relieve pain, the purpose of sedatives is to calm, and hypnotics are to help a person sleep

37
Q

Analgesics

A

Can be classified as opioid (narcotics), nonopioid (non-narcotics) and adjuvant

38
Q

Opioid Analgesics

A

Controlled substances and include natural opium alkaloids such as morphine and codeine as well as the synthetics such as Demerol and Darren. Opioids tend to cause tolerance and dependence and can cause severe withdrawal symptoms if the drug is abruptly discontinued

39
Q

Non opioid analgesic

A

Used to relieve mild to moderate pain, fever, and inflammatory conditions such as arthritis. They are also used with opioids to manage severe, acute, or chronic pain

40
Q

Psychotropic medications

A

Have a therapeutic effect on the mind, emotions, and actions. Several meds have psychotropic effects that are secondary to their main function

41
Q

Anticonvulsants

A

Drugs that are used to reduce the severity and frequency of seizures in people suffering from epilepsy

42
Q

Antiparkinsonian Medications

A

Drugs used to treat Parkinson’s disease, a neurological disease with symptoms of muscle tremors, rigidity, and weakness of muscles. Medications are aimed at relieving symptoms

43
Q

Alcohol

A

Perhaps the biggest drug problem in the USA Today. Alcohol can be considered both a psychotropic drug and a CNS depressant. It is pharmacologically similar to ether and is rapidly absorbed from the GI tract into the bloodstream, causing excitement, sedation, and finally, anesthesia

44
Q

Drug abuse

A

Use of drugs for recreation or for purposes other than therapeutic reasons, for example, for weight loss or to improve athletic performance

45
Q

Drug addiction

A

Psychological dependence, physical dependence, tolerance, and withdrawal reactions with physiological effects

46
Q

Amphetamines

A

Aka uppers, are sometimes illegally used for weight loss. Symptoms of chronic abuse are anorexia, mental confusion, social withdrawal, paranoia, or continuous teeth grinding

47
Q

Marijuana

A

Euphoriant, sedative, CNS depressant, and hallucinogenic properties. MJ as a medication, however, can be very helpful for nausea induced by chemo, for treatment of glucose, and as an appetite stimulant for person suffering from cancer or AIDS

48
Q

Cocaine

A

A CNS stimulant that produces euphoria. It’s only approved medical use is for topical application as a local anesthetic. Cocaine is highly addictive

49
Q

Hallucinogens

A

Lysergic acid (LSD) and phencyclidine (PCP) are hallucinogens that can produce bizarre behaviors and distortion of perceptions

Massage Therapy (15 decks)

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