Flashcards in Pharmacology Capstone Deck (90)
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sympathetic nervous system is aka
thoracolumbar
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parasympathetic nervous system is aka
craniosacral
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Parasympathetic NT and R
NT=Ach
R=NAchR, MAchR
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Sympathetic NT and R
NT= NE>epi>Da; Ach
R= alpha, Beta, D, nAchR, mAchR
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Cholinergic - think?
acetyl choline
muscarinic and nicotinic receptors
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adrenergic think?
norepinephrine
epinephrine
dopamine
alpha, beta, D receptors
from tyrosine
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major NT of the parasymp system
Ach
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found at ALL PREganglionic autonomic fibers
Ach
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found at ALL POST ganglionic parasympathetic fibers
Ach
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found at a few POSTgaglionic sympathetic fibers (WHERE?)
Ach
sweat glands
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major NT of the sympathetic nervous system
NE
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found at a vast majority of postganglionic sympathetic fibers
NE
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synthesis occurs in adrenal medulla and a few neuronal pathways in brainstem
EPI
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Synthesized in the cytoplasm of neurons
Dopamine
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Dopamine has actions where?
in the CNS and renal vascular smooth muscle
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Neurons that release Ach are called
cholinergic neurons
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Order of steps in cholinergic neurotransmission
Synthesis
storage
release
binding
termination
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Synthesis of Ach
CHOLINE TRANSPORTER transports choline into neurons
dependant on cotransport with NA
CHOLINE ACETYLTRANSFERASE (ChAT) conbines acetyl coenxyme A with choline to make Ach
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Storage of Ach
ATPase dependent Ach vesicular transporter transports Ach into neuronal vesicles.
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Release of Ach
AP reaches axon terminal, causes opening of VgCa2+channels
Ca2+enters the neuron
Ca2+ influx promotes fusion of vesicular membrane with cell membrane
Ach is released
the SNARE protein complex is responsible for fusion of the vesicle membrane and synaptic membrane through VAMP and SNAP proteins
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Binding of Ach to cholinergic receptors
Ach diffuses across the synaptic cleft
binds nachrs which facilitates Na entry into post-gang fiber or release of epi/NE from adrenal medulla
post-synaptic machrs are also activated by ach causing smooth muscle contraction, decrease in HR, glandular secretin etc
Ach can bind to and activate both nachr (+) and machr (-) to modify its own release.
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activation of prejunctional nAchRs _________ Ach release
stimulates/potentiates
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activation of prejunctional machrs ________further release
inhibits
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Termination of Ach signaling
Acetylcholinesterase cleaves Ach into acetate and choline
acetate diffuses out of the synapse
choline is recycled into the nerve
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What two types of receptors does Ach bind to?
nAchR
mAchR
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Where are NnAchrs found
all ganglia (sym and parasymp) and adrenal medulla (symp)
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where are mAChrs found
smooth and cardiac muscle
gland cells
nerve terminals
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nAchR is what type of a channel
ionotropic (ligand gated ion channel)
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nAchR allows what to pass through the channel
Na
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