Flashcards in Pharmacology Test Four Deck (95)
Loading flashcards...
0
When the heart is unable to pump an adequate amount of blood to meet the body's metabolic needs
Heart failure
1
The amount of blood pumped by each ventricle each minute
Cardiac output
2
The amount of blood that fills the heart just before systole
Preload
3
The pressure in the aorta that must be overcome in order for the heart to eject blood
After load
4
Signs and symptoms of heart failure are
Shortness of breath, fatigue, weakness, edema in legs ankles and feet, rapid or irregular heartbeat, reduced ability to exercise, persistent cough of wheezing with white or pink blood tinged phlegm, swelling of your abdomen, sudden weight gain from fluid retention, lack of appetite and nausea, difficulty concentrating or decreased alertness
5
Digoxin (Lanoxin) is classified as
Cardiac glycoside
6
Action of Digoxin (Lanoxin)
Increases force of myocardial contraction, decreases heart rate. Inhibits sodium and increases calcium in cells.
7
Side/adverse effects of Digoxin (Lanoxin)
Side: anorexia, headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting
Adverse: bradycardia, visual disturbances with high levels known as yellow vision
8
Teaching for Digoxin (Lanoxin)
Contraindicated in pts with electrolyte imbalances, pts should be taught to use same brand, need frequent blood monitoring. Nurses do not give to someone with an apical pulse of less than 60 bpm. Teach pts to take pulse daily.
9
Digoxin immune fab (Digibind) is used for what
Treat digoxin toxicity
10
Dobutamine (Dobutrex) is classified as
Cardiac glycoside
11
Dobutamine (Dobutrex) acts how
Decreases preload and after load and enhances myocardial contractility
12
Side/adverse effects for Dobutamine (Dobutrex)
Side: increased heart rate, increased blood pressure
Adverse: may increase heart rate too much and cause angina
13
Nursing for Dobutamine (Dobutrex)
Monitor pts heart rate, take frequent vitals
14
Milrinone (Primacor) is classified as
Cardiac glycoside
15
Action of Milrinone (Primacor)
Relaxes vascular smooth muscle and causes vasodilation
16
What is a normal digoxin level?
0.5 to 2.0 ng/mL
17
Chest pain that originates for heart when it doesn't get enough blood. Warning sign that something is wrong with heart.
Angina
18
Tissue death that occurs when blood supply decreases to part if heart
Infarction
19
Nitroglycerin (Nitro-Bid) is classified as
Anti-anginal
20
Action for nitroglycerin (Nitro-Bid)
Dilates coronary arteries, improves collateral blood flow, dilates some systemic veins and arteries, decreases preload
21
Side/adverse effects for nitroglycerin (nitro-bid)
Side: headache, dizziness, syncope, contact dermatitis, sublingual tablet does burn
Adverse: orthostatic hypotension, reflex tachycardia, tolerance may lead to dose increase, severe headaches
22
Nursing for nitroglycerin (nitro-bid)
Do not use if pt has hypotension, monitor vitals, pt should lie own when taking drug for first time, if using patches on chest do not defibrillate since patches can explode
23
Isosorbide dinitrate (Isordil) is classified as
Nitrate, anti-anginal
24
Action of Isosorbide dinitrate (Isordil)
Relaxes smooth muscles of arteries and veins, decreases preload and after load
25
Side/adverse effects for Isosorbide dinitrate (Isordil)
Side: headache, orthostatic hypotension, burning with sublingual
26
Teaching for Isosorbide dinitrate (Isordil)
Assess chest, assess blood pressure, be careful ambulating pt
27
Ranolazine (Ranexa) is classified as
Sodium current inhibitor, anti-anginal, anti-ischemic
28
Action for Ranolazine (Ranexa)
Inhibits sodium currents
29
