Flashcards in Pharmacology Test Six Deck (91)
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Crucial immune cells that play a role in immune response
CD4 cells
1
Test to measure the status of a persons immune system
Viral load
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Virus that is composed of RNA that has an enzyme, called reverse transcriptase, that gives them the unique property of transcribing their RNA into DNA after entering a cell. The retroviral DNA can then integrate into the chromosomal DNA of the host cell, to be expressed there.
Retrovirus
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Retrovirus that causes AIDs by infecting Helper T cells of immune system
HIV
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Severe immunological disorder caused by HIV, resulting in a defect in cell-mediated immune response that is manifested by increased susceptibility to opportunistic unctions and to certain rare cancers. Transmitted by exposure to body fluids.
AIDs
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What are the goals of antiretrovirus therapy?
Suppress viral replication to slow the decline in the number of CD4 cells
suppress viral replication to undetectable levels
reduce the incidence and severity of opportunistic infections minimize adverse effects of antiretrovirus therapy
improve quality-of-life
improve survival and reduce morbidity
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Enfuvirtide (Fuzeon) is classified as
Viral entry blocker
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Action of Fuzeon
Interferes with entry of HIV, injected subcutaneously and must be reconstituted
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Side effects of Fuzeon
Side: local injection reactions, pain, itching, redness, diarrhea,nausea, fatigue, peripheral neuropathy, decreased appetite
adverse: bacterial pneumonia, renal failure
9
Nursing for Fuzeon
Teach patient how to administer, baseline labs should be completed before starting, offer emotional support, report any injection reactions, report cough, patient must understand it's not a cure
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Zidovuldine (ZDV, AZT, Retrovir) classified as
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)
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Action of Retrovir
Inhibits viral enzyme reverse transcriptase that is necessary for viral replication
12
Side effects for Retrovir
Side: nausea, headache, loss of strength and energy
adverse: anemia especially in first 4 to 6 weeks
black box: for severe anemia, enlarged liver death with long-term use, pregnancy category C
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Nursing for Retrovir
Monitor blood cell counts, report bleeding, watch for signs of infection, make sure patient knows it's not a cure
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Delavirdine (Rescriptor) is classified as
NNRTI
15
Action of Rescriptor
Competes with binding of the reverse transcriptase enzyme at the active site, has a low pill burden
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Side effects for Rescriptor
Side: rash, itching
adverse: liver failure,anemia
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Nursing for Rescriptor
Baseline with labs, not a cure
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Raltegravir (Isentress) is classified as
Integrae inhibitor
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Action of Isentress
Inhibits the insertion of HIV DNA into human DNA, used when resistance occurs
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Side effects for Isentress
Side: diarrhea. nausea, headache
adverse: anemia, hepatitis, renal failure
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Nursing for Isentress
Assess for G.I. discomfort, baseline labs, observe for cough
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Ritonavir (Norvir) is classified as
PI, antiretroviral
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Action of Norvir
At the end of the HIV lifecycle to inhibit the production of viruses
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Side effects for Norvir
Side: nausea, vomiting, can alter taste
adverse: hepatitis, allergies
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Nursing for Norvir
Medicine must be refrigerated and protected from light, should be evenly spaced and taken on time daily, can be mixed with other fluids to improve taste
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What is the nurses role when administering HIV and AIDS related drugs?
On going assessment, analysis, education. Monitor adherence. Be aware of clinical trials. assess for and prevent opportunistic infections
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What is PEP?
Postexposure prophylaxis: worker becomes exposed percutaneous of mucous membranes or non-intact skin usually two drugs started within hours of event, usually continued four weeks cause, fatigue and weakness, nausea
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Administration of small amount of antigen not capable of stimulating an immune response
Vaccination
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