Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

All the Small Things > Phys Review > Flashcards

Phys Review Flashcards

1
Q

Gut related acidosis produces what sort of urine anion gap?

A

Negative (neGUTive)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How does diarrhea cause acidosis?

A

Diarrhea causes loss of HCO3, and Cl is reabsorbed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What happens to Cl levels with intractable emesis? HCO3? K?

A

Cl decreases
HCO3 increases
K decreases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the drugs that cause hyperventilation?

A

Beta 2 agonists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the primary causes of metabolic alkalosis?

A
  • Vomiting
  • bicab therapy
  • loo and thiazide diuretics
  • Cushings
  • Barter’s syndrome
  • primary aldosteronism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What do the cells exchange in order to balance out acid in serum?

A

K (causes hyperkalemia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the relationship between K levels, and acidosis/ alkalosis?

A 
Alkalosis = hypokalemia
Acidosis = hyperkalemia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the three major hormones that cause K to enter the cell?

A

Insulin
Epi
Aldosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the DOC for hyperkalemia?

A

Insulin + glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is Conn syndrome?

A

Aldosterone producing mass on the adrenal glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does aldosterone do to K and H in the body?

A

Increase secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Do osmotic diuretics cause K secretion?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the effect of acidosis on K secretion?

A

Decreases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How is H secreted in the distal tubules?

A

HPO3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does ARF usually lead to: acid or alkalosis?

A

Acidosis, with alkaline urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is type I RTA?

A

Defect in the distal tubular H secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is type II RTA?

A

Defect in proximal tubular HCO3 absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is type IV RTA?

A

Hypoaldosteronism–hyperkalemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What type of acidosis occurs with RTAs?

A

Anion gap acidosis

20
Q

What are the common h/o type I RTA?

21
Q

What is the defect in fanconi syndrome?

A

Proximal tubule dysfunction, Bicarb reabsorption defect

22
Q

What is the effect of angiotensin on the kidney arteries?

A

Clamps the efferent arteriole

23
Q

What the the protective effect of ACEIs on DM kidneys?

A

Stop hyperfiltration injury

24
Q

Why do all RTAs cause hypokalemia (except type IV)?

A

Cannot get rid of acid, so secrete K

25
What commonly used meds cause type IV RTAs?
K sparing diuretics
26
What are the ions that, when increased, replace Na?
Li Ca Mg K Light that Magnificent Californian Pot
27
What is expelled with emesis in terms of ions in the blood?
H Cl are lost, HCO3 increases
28
What is the difference between short and long term vomiting on acid/base?
Short term no anion gap, but increases gap d/t keto acids with starvation
29
What are the acid/base changes with diarrhea?
Decreased HCO3, increased HCl
30
What is the treatment for acute metabolic alkalosos
KCl Acetazolamide Ammonium chloride
31
What type of acidosis is had with acetazolamide?
hyperchloremic
32
What are the MUSHWAR consequences of renal failure?
- Metabolic acidosis - Uremia - Sodium excess - Hyperkalemia - Water excess - Anemia - Renal osteodystrophy
33
What is Winter's formula? What is it for?
Expected pCO2 = (1.5x HCO3) +(8+/-2) if not within the range, then suspect more than one thing causing acidosis
34
How much should pCO2 drop for every 1 meq drop in HCO3 in metabolic acidosis?
0.7
35
pCO2 should increase by about what for every 1 meq increase in HCO3 in metabolic acidosis?
0.7
36
What is the expected pCO2 for a metabolic alkalosis?
0.7(HCO3) +20 mmHg
37
What is the expected HCO3 for acute respiratory acidosis?
24+[(actual PCO2-40)/10]
38
What is the expected HCO3 for chronic respiratory acidosis?
24+[(actual PCO2-40)/10]
39
What is the expected HCO3 for acute respiratory alkalosis?
24+[(40-actual PCO2)/10]
40
Total CO2 = ?
Bicarbonate (NOT pCO2)
41
Acute Loss of volume leads to acidosis or alkalosis? Why?
Alkalosis (contraction alkalosis)--bicarb concentration increases
42
Hypovolemia and hypervolemia lead to acidosis / alkalosis?
Hypovolemia = alkalosis Hypervolemia = acidosis
43
How do you differentiate between diarrhea and metabolic causes of hyperchloremic acidosis?
Urine anion gap
44
What is the equation for urinary anion gap?
Na + K + ***
45
What is the delta / delta ratio?
(AG – 12) ___________ (24 - [HCO3¯]) More than 2 means there is more than one acid base disturbance

All the Small Things (29 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions