1paper a > Physical examination > Flashcards

Physical examination Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

Kayser Fleischer ring

A

Wilson disease (gold around cornea)

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2
Q

Parotid swelling

A

Bulimia (&mumps)

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3
Q

Piloerection

A

opioid withdrawal

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4
Q

Calluses at knuckles (Russell’s sign)

A

Bulimia

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5
Q

Lane scale

A

rating minor physical abnormalities

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6
Q

Constriction of pupil, maintaining open lids and most eye mov cranial nerve

A

III

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7
Q

Superior oblique muscle (down and lateral eye mov) CN

A

IV

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8
Q

Lateral rectus muscle (eye mov outward) CN

A

VI

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9
Q

Primitive reflexes present in adults suggests

A

Diffuse cerebral damage, particularly frontal lobes

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10
Q

Lactate provocation test is for

A

panic attacks

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11
Q

Narcoanalysis worsens/makes better organic/non organic conditions

A

Worsens organic
Improves non organic

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12
Q

Blunted TSH response (TRH test) can be seen in

A

depression

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13
Q

What is a symptom of Vitamin A deficiency?

A

Night blindness (aka nyctalopia)

Night blindness is difficulty seeing in low light or darkness.

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14
Q

What conditions are associated with Vitamin D deficiency?

A

Rickets, osteomalacia

Rickets occurs in children, while osteomalacia occurs in adults.

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15
Q

What are the effects of Vitamin E deficiency?

A

Haemolytic anaemia, ataxia, peripheral neuropathy

Haemolytic anaemia involves the destruction of red blood cells.

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16
Q

What disorder is linked to Vitamin K deficiency?

A

Coagulation disorder

Coagulation disorders affect the blood’s ability to clot.

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17
Q

What is a consequence of Vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency?

A

Beriberi, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is a severe neurological disorder.

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18
Q

What symptoms are associated with Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) deficiency?

A

Glossitis, stomatitis

Glossitis is inflammation of the tongue, and stomatitis affects the mouth.

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19
Q

What is associated with Vitamin B3 (niacin) deficiency?

A

Pellagra ‘3 Ds’: dermatitis, diarrhoea, dementia

These symptoms characterize the condition known as Pellagra.

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20
Q

What are some symptoms of Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) deficiency?

A

Polyneuropathy, seborrhoeic dermatitis, atrophic glossitis, angular cheilitis, confusion, somnolence

These symptoms indicate various neurological and skin issues.

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21
Q

What are the effects of Vitamin B7 (biotin) deficiency?

A

Dermatitis, alopecia, paraesthesia

Alopecia refers to hair loss, and paraesthesia involves abnormal sensations.

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22
Q

What conditions are linked to Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) deficiency?

A

Anaemia, neurological degeneration

Neurological degeneration can lead to serious cognitive issues.

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23
Q

What disease is caused by Vitamin C deficiency?

A

Scurvy

Scurvy is characterized by weakness, anemia, gum disease, and skin problems.

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24
Q

What are the consequences of Vitamin B9 (folic acid) deficiency?

A

Macrocytic anaemia, neural tube defects

Neural tube defects can lead to serious developmental issues in the fetus.

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25
Key neurotransmitter receptors in autoimmune encephalitis
Voltage gated K channel complex (LGI1, CASPR2, contactin1) NMDA AMPA GABA-B Glycine
26
50% of women with anti NMDAR have
underlying ovarian teratoma
27
Treatment for anti-NMDAR encephalitis
Methylpred Plasma exchange Maintain remission using steroids, azathioprine, mycophenolate or rituximab. Avoid antipsychotics- NMS like syndrome
28
% NMDA encephalitis pts presenting with purely psychiatric sx
4%
29
which thyroid hormone might be low in anorexia
T3
30
Cortisol in anorexia
Mildly increased
31
Growth hormone in anorexia
Increased
32
LH, FSH and oestradiol in anorexia
low
33
What anaemia seen in anorexia
normocytic normochromic
34
White cell changes in anorexia
mild leucopenia, relative lymphocytosis
35
What happens to plts in anorexia
increased
36
why do patients with laxative misuse have acidosis
Severe diarrhoea --> lactic acid production Severe diarrhoea--> bicarb loss --> hypovolaemia--> poor renal blood flow --> unable to replace bicarb--> acidosis
37
brain volume changes in anorexia
Enlarged ventricles and pseudoatrophy (ext cerebrospinal spaces)
38
Most specific and sensitive test to detect heavy alcohol use over the last 10 days
Carbohydrate Deficient Transferrin
39
Normal QTc in men and women
Men 440 Women 470
40
UDS duration of detectability for amphetamines
48h
41
UDS duration of detectability for benzos
depends on how short acting. eg diazepam 7 days
42
UDS duration of detectability for cocaine
2-3 days
43
UDS duration of detectability for methadone
7-9 days
44
UDS duration of detectability for cannabis
Single use 3 days Daily use 10 days Chronic heavy use 3-4 weeks
45
UDS duration of detectability for PCP
8 days
46
Which one is brudzinski vs kernig
Brudzinski is neck Kernig is knee ext
47
hemiballismus
violent flinging movement of half of the body. Subthalamic nucleus lesions
48
Frontal baldness is a sign of what
myotonic dystrophy
49
Ash leaf macules or ungual fibromas are a sign of what
tuberous sclerosis (benign tumours)
50
Absent ankle jerks + upgoing plantars
SACDC, syphilitis taboparesis, friedrich's ataxia, MND
51
constipation, acute abdominal pain, weakness triggered by drugs, visual and tactile hallucinations with intense anxiety
Acute intermittent porphyria
52
Medications that can trigger acute intermittent porphyria attack
Oral contraceptives Barbiturates Diclofenac Benzos
53
Finger agnosia, right-left disorientation, dysgraphia and dyscalculia are what syndrome and what lesion
Gerstmann syndrome Dominant parietal lobe
54
IV heroin user with swelling, HTN and weight gain
nephropathy
55
Pronator drift
Cerebral hemisphere lesion
56
Which symptoms resolve first in treated wernickes
ophthalmoplegia and confusion
57
Intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies in what condition
LBD (these are the lewy bodies)
58
Myerson sign
glabellar tap
59
Brain area of consistently reduced volume in scz
insula
60
psychogenic polydipsia urine/plasma osmolality
both low
61
diabetes insipidus urine/plasma osmolality
Plasma >urine
62
vomiting in anorexia leads to what ph change
metabolic alkalosis
63
electrolyte changes leading to risk of long qt
hypokalaemia hypomag hypocalc
64
only component of brain which is better visualised on CT than MRI?
calcification
65
colour of blood and csf on CT
white blood, dark csf
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