Flashcards in Physiology- hormones and glands Deck (46)
Loading flashcards...
1
_____ gland produces melatonin
pineal gland
2
7 hormones produced by the adenohypophysis
(anterior pituitary)
1. ACTH
2. FSH
3. GH
4. LH
5. MSH
6. Prolactin
7. TSH
3
2 hormones that are produced by the neurophypophysis
(posterior pituitary)
1. ADH/ vasopressin
2. Oxytocin
4
Name the function of the two hormones produced by the posterior pituitary
1. ADH/ vasopressin: Controls H2O balance
2. Oxytocin: uterus contraction, milk let down
5
cc: defiency/ excess of ADH?
defiency: diabetes insipidus
excess: conn's sx
6
ACTH:
Target organ?
Effect?
Excess?
Deficiency?
Target organ: Adrenal cortex--> zona fasciculata
Effect: gluconeogenesis when under stress/ not eating
Excess: cushing (excess cortisol)
Deficiency: Addison's
7
FSH:
Target organ?
Effect?
Deficiency?
Target organ: Ovary/ testes
Effect:
(f): release primary follicles, release estrogen
(m): stim spermatogenesis
Deficiency: infertility
8
the hormone Inhibin is produces by ___ in females and ___ in males
(f): corpus leiteum
(m): sertoli cells
9
What hormones stops the production of FSH
inhibin
(f): corpus leiteum
(m): sertoli cells
10
GH:
Target organ?
Effect?
Excess?
Deficiency?
Target organ: all tiss (except cart)
Effect: Burns fat
Excess: gigantism, acromegaly
Deficiency: dwarfism
11
_____ is the growth hormone for cartilage
somatomedin
(GH is the growth hormone for everything else)
12
LH:
Target organ?
Effect?
Excess?
Deficiency?
Target organ: Ovary / testes
Effect: (f) ovulation, forms corpus leuteum
(m): testosterone
Excess: forms corpus leuteum when up
Deficiency" degenerates corpus leuteum when down
13
MSH:
Target organ?
Effect?
Excess?
Deficiency?
Target organ: melanocytes
Effect: basement layer of the epidermis--> stim by UV light
Excess: hyperpigmentation
Deficiency: albinism
14
Prolactin:
Target organ?
Effect?
Target organ: mammaries
Effect: makes milk
15
Thyroid stimulating hormone:
Target organ?
Effect?
Excess?
Deficiency?
Target organ: thyroid follicular cells
Effect: T3, T4, and maintains BMR
Excess: Graves
Deficiency: myxedema, cretinism, (AI) Hashimotos
16
Parathyroid hormone:
effect?
Excess?
effect: takes Ca+ out of the bone, decr phosphorus in the bl.
excess: kidney stones, osteopenia, Brown's tumor, rugger jersey spine, salt & pepper skull
17
Calcitonin hormone:
gland?
effects?
excess?
gland: parafollicular cells of the thyroid
effects: puts Ca+ back into the bone, incr phosphorus in the bl.
excess: Tetany
18
If Ca+ is low--> the N. will ___ causing ___
the nerve wil depolarize causing tetany
19
What horm. is produced:
zona glomerulosa:____
zona fasciculata: _____
zona reticularis: ______
zona glomerulosa: aldosterone
zona fasciculata: Cortisol (stim by ACTH)
zona reticularis: Sex hormones
"salt", "sugar", "sex"
20
embryological derivatives:
Adrenal cortex:___
adrenal Medulla: ____
Adrenal cortex: mesoderm
adrenal Medulla: neural crest
21
____ cells in the adrenal medulla secrete NE & EN
chromaffin cells
22
5 steps of the menstral cycle
1. 0 day: release estrogen, primary follicle
2. estrogen: thinkens endometrial lining "proliferation phase", peaks on 14th day to release LH
3. LH: day 14, ovulation, forms corpus leuteum
4. Corpus leuteum: makes progestrone "secretory phase", makes inhibin--> stops FSH
5. corpus leuteum: either dies or makes progesterone in the presence of HCG
6. HCG: make by placenta, stimulates the corpus leuteum to make progesterone
23
____ horm stimulates the corpus leuteum to make progesterone--> the corpus leuteum proliferates
HCG
24
Males:
_____ hormone starts spermatogenesis
_____ hormone releases testosterone
_____ hormone matures sperm
FSH: hormone starts spermatogenesis
LH: hormone releases testosterone
Testosterone: hormone matures sperm
25
____ breaks down starch in the mouth
____ breaks down fat in the mouth
starch: ptyalin
fat: sublingual lipase
26
___ cells produce pepsinogen
___ converts pepsinogen into pepsin
Chief/ peptic cells
HCL: converts pepsinogen into pepsin
27
_____ cells produce HCL and intrinsic factor
Parietal / oxynitic cells
28
pyloic glands give rise to ____ hormone that produces gastrin
fxn of gastrin:____
gastric cells
fxn of gastrin: incr gastric secretions, motility and mucous
29
_____ glands are mucous secreting glands in the duodenum
Brunner's gland
30
