Flashcards in Physiology- hormones and glands Deck (46):
1
_____ gland produces melatonin
pineal gland
2
7 hormones produced by the adenohypophysis
(anterior pituitary)
1. ACTH
2. FSH
3. GH
4. LH
5. MSH
6. Prolactin
7. TSH
3
2 hormones that are produced by the neurophypophysis
(posterior pituitary)
1. ADH/ vasopressin
2. Oxytocin
4
Name the function of the two hormones produced by the posterior pituitary
1. ADH/ vasopressin: Controls H2O balance
2. Oxytocin: uterus contraction, milk let down
5
cc: defiency/ excess of ADH?
defiency: diabetes insipidus
excess: conn's sx
6
ACTH:
Target organ?
Effect?
Excess?
Deficiency?
Target organ: Adrenal cortex--> zona fasciculata
Effect: gluconeogenesis when under stress/ not eating
Excess: cushing (excess cortisol)
Deficiency: Addison's
7
FSH:
Target organ?
Effect?
Deficiency?
Target organ: Ovary/ testes
Effect:
(f): release primary follicles, release estrogen
(m): stim spermatogenesis
Deficiency: infertility
8
the hormone Inhibin is produces by ___ in females and ___ in males
(f): corpus leiteum
(m): sertoli cells
9
What hormones stops the production of FSH
inhibin
(f): corpus leiteum
(m): sertoli cells
10
GH:
Target organ?
Effect?
Excess?
Deficiency?
Target organ: all tiss (except cart)
Effect: Burns fat
Excess: gigantism, acromegaly
Deficiency: dwarfism
11
_____ is the growth hormone for cartilage
somatomedin
(GH is the growth hormone for everything else)
12
LH:
Target organ?
Effect?
Excess?
Deficiency?
Target organ: Ovary / testes
Effect: (f) ovulation, forms corpus leuteum
(m): testosterone
Excess: forms corpus leuteum when up
Deficiency" degenerates corpus leuteum when down
13
MSH:
Target organ?
Effect?
Excess?
Deficiency?
Target organ: melanocytes
Effect: basement layer of the epidermis--> stim by UV light
Excess: hyperpigmentation
Deficiency: albinism
14
Prolactin:
Target organ?
Effect?
Target organ: mammaries
Effect: makes milk
15
Thyroid stimulating hormone:
Target organ?
Effect?
Excess?
Deficiency?
Target organ: thyroid follicular cells
Effect: T3, T4, and maintains BMR
Excess: Graves
Deficiency: myxedema, cretinism, (AI) Hashimotos
16
Parathyroid hormone:
effect?
Excess?
effect: takes Ca+ out of the bone, decr phosphorus in the bl.
excess: kidney stones, osteopenia, Brown's tumor, rugger jersey spine, salt & pepper skull
17
Calcitonin hormone:
gland?
effects?
excess?
gland: parafollicular cells of the thyroid
effects: puts Ca+ back into the bone, incr phosphorus in the bl.
excess: Tetany
18
If Ca+ is low--> the N. will ___ causing ___
the nerve wil depolarize causing tetany
19
What horm. is produced:
zona glomerulosa:____
zona fasciculata: _____
zona reticularis: ______
zona glomerulosa: aldosterone
zona fasciculata: Cortisol (stim by ACTH)
zona reticularis: Sex hormones
"salt", "sugar", "sex"
20
embryological derivatives:
Adrenal cortex:___
adrenal Medulla: ____
Adrenal cortex: mesoderm
adrenal Medulla: neural crest
21
____ cells in the adrenal medulla secrete NE & EN
chromaffin cells
22
5 steps of the menstral cycle
1. 0 day: release estrogen, primary follicle
2. estrogen: thinkens endometrial lining "proliferation phase", peaks on 14th day to release LH
3. LH: day 14, ovulation, forms corpus leuteum
4. Corpus leuteum: makes progestrone "secretory phase", makes inhibin--> stops FSH
5. corpus leuteum: either dies or makes progesterone in the presence of HCG
6. HCG: make by placenta, stimulates the corpus leuteum to make progesterone
23
____ horm stimulates the corpus leuteum to make progesterone--> the corpus leuteum proliferates
HCG
24
Males:
_____ hormone starts spermatogenesis
_____ hormone releases testosterone
_____ hormone matures sperm
FSH: hormone starts spermatogenesis
LH: hormone releases testosterone
Testosterone: hormone matures sperm
25
____ breaks down starch in the mouth
____ breaks down fat in the mouth
starch: ptyalin
fat: sublingual lipase
26
___ cells produce pepsinogen
___ converts pepsinogen into pepsin
Chief/ peptic cells
HCL: converts pepsinogen into pepsin
27
_____ cells produce HCL and intrinsic factor
Parietal / oxynitic cells
28
pyloic glands give rise to ____ hormone that produces gastrin
fxn of gastrin:____
gastric cells
fxn of gastrin: incr gastric secretions, motility and mucous
29
_____ glands are mucous secreting glands in the duodenum
Brunner's gland
30
Secretin triggers ___ & ___ t be secreted by the pancreas
1. Bicarbonate: buffers acid in the stomach
2. Water
31
CCK causes the production of what 4 enzymes
CCK inhibits the production of:
stimulates the production of:
1. pancreatic amylase
2. Pancreatic lipase
3. Trypsinogen: breaks down protein
4. stim the release of bile
Inhibits:
1. Gastrin
2. closes the pyloric sphincter in the stomach
32
____ hormone causes the GB to release bile
CCK
33
___ glands absorb fat into the lymphatic system
lacteal glands
34
2 hormones that close the pyloric sphincter to close in response to fat
1. CCK
2. Enterogastrone
35
____ enzyme converts trypsinogen into trypsin to break down protein
this actives what 3 proteolytic enzymes?
Enterokinase
3 proteolytic enzymes:
1. chymotrypsinogen: breaks polypeptides
2. proteolastase: digest elastin fiber
3. carboxypolypeptidase: break into AA
36
_____ enzyme that protects the pancrease from being broken down by trypsin
trypsin inhibitor
37
_____ enzyme breaks down polysaccharides into disaccharides
Pancreatic amylase
38
CC: a decrease in I.F. will cause: _____
pernicious anemia--> megablastic anemia
39
R & L liver lobe is separated by ___ lig --> that turns into the _____ lig
separated by: falciform lig
free portion: round lig (aka ligamentum teres)
40
R + L hepatic duct --> _____ duct
_____ + ______ --> Common bile duct
_____+______--> ampulla of vater
empties into the ____ duodenum
R + L hepatic duct --> Common hepatic duct
Cystic duct from GB + common hepatic --> common bile duct
Common bile duct+ pancreatic duct = ampulla of vater
empties into the 2nd part of the duodenum
41
The pancreas is supplied by the ___ artery
It is a branch of the ____ trunk
supplied by the splenic artery
branch of the celiac trunk
42
4 causes of edema
1. incr venous pressure (CHF)
2. Decr protein in bl. = decr oncotic/ osmotic pressure
3. myxedema= hypothyroidism
4. anaphylaxis: type I = histamine release
43
_____V +_____ V --> portal V
portal v drains into the liver
____ drain into central V --> heptaic V drains into the ____
Superior mesenteric v + splenic V = portal V
Liver sinusoids drain into the central v --> hepatic V into the IVC
44
4 hormones that decr appetite
1. leptin: fat cells --> shuts off hypothalmus
2. Peptide YY: from intestines
3. Somatostatin: from pancreas
4. Serotonin: argentaffin cells of the stomach
45
Somatostatin:
inhibits ____ & ___- in the pancreas
inhbits: ____ stomach
inhibits:____ stomach
somatostatin:
inhibits: insulin and glucagons in pancreas
inhibits: gastrin in stomach
inhibits: rennin in stomach
46