Plants

Question 1

Sporopollenin

Answer 1

A layer of durable polymer that prevents exposed zygotes from drying out; allows dispersal through dry air;

Question 2

Sporopollenin can be found in …

Answer 2

• Some charophytes
• Plant spores

Question 3

5 key traits present in plants that are absent in animals

Answer 3

• Alteration of Generations
• Multicellular, dependent embryos
• Walled spores produced in Sporangia
• Muilticellular Gamentangia
• Apical Meristems

Question 4

The _______ prevents degradation of the cell, and acts as a barrier between the cell and its ___________

Answer 4

cuticle; environment;

Question 5

Stomata

Answer 5

opening in cuticle that allows exchange of gases with the environment

Question 6

There was a symbiotic association between _____ and the first ____ ______

Answer 6

fungi; land plants;

Question 7

Alternation of Generations

Answer 7

A reproductive cycle in plants, where they alternate between sexual/asexual phases

Question 8

Gametophyte

Answer 8

Haploid sexual phase that produces haploid gametes by MITOSIS

Question 9

Sporophytes

Answer 9

The diploid asexual phase producing spores from which the gametophyte arises

Question 10

Placental Transfer Cells

Answer 10

Transfer nutrients from the parent to the embryo

Question 11

Embryophytes

Answer 11

Plants that have a dependency of embryo on the parent

Question 12

Embryophytes are mostly found in ____ plants

Answer 12

land

Question 13

Sporangia

Answer 13

the organ in which sporophytes produce spores

Question 14

Sporocytes

Answer 14

diploid cells that undergo MEIOSIS to generate HAPLOID spores

Question 15

Gametangia

Answer 15

General name for organs in which gametes are produced

Question 16

Archegonia

Answer 16

female gametangia that produces nonmotile eggs

Question 17

Antheridia

Answer 17

male gametangia that are the site of (motile) sperm production and release

Question 18

Apical Meristems

Answer 18

regions of actively dividing cells at the tip of plant roots/shoots that are responsible for primary growth

Question 19

Apical Meristems are protected by __________ ______

Answer 19

developing leaves

Question 20

Types of plants

Answer 20

• Bryophytes
• Seedless vascular plants
• Seeded vascular plants

Question 21

(Gametophytes/Sporophytes) dominate the life cycle of Byrophytes

Answer 21

Gametophytes

Question 22

Types of Bryophytes

Answer 22

• Liverworts
  ex. Hepatophyta
• Hornworts
  ex. Anthocerophyta
• Mosses
  ex. Bryophyta

Question 23

Perisome

Answer 23

teeth-like structure that surrounds the opening of sporangium

Question 24

Rhizoid

Answer 24

root-like structure that attaches to substrate, but doesn't bring up nutrients/water form soil

Question 25

After fertilization occurs in the archegonia, spores are dispersed -- some spores produce female __________, while others produce male __________.

Answer 25

archegonia; antheridia;

Question 26

What is the most well known type of seedless vascular plant?

Answer 26

Ferns

Question 27

Vascular plants began to diversity during the ________ and _____________ periods.

Answer 27

Carboniferous; Devonians;

Question 28

Xylem

Answer 28

conducts most of the water and minerals

Question 29

Phloem

Answer 29

distributes sugars, amino acids, and other organic products

Question 30

Xylem induces (dead/living) cells, while the Phloem consists of (dead/living) cells

Answer 30

dead; living;

Question 31

Meiosis is (haploid/diploid), and Fertilization is (haploid/diploid)

Answer 31

haploid; diploid;

Question 32

Roots

Answer 32

anchor vascular plants to a substrate

Question 33

Roots enable the absorption of _____/_________ from soil

Answer 33

water/nutrients

Question 34

Root structures may have evolved from....

Answer 34

very early plants that grew low to the ground

Question 35

Leaves

Answer 35

organs that increase surface area of vascular plants

Question 36

Microphylls

Answer 36

Leaves with a single vein (lycophytes)

Question 37

Megaphylls

Answer 37

leaves with a highly branched vascular system

Question 38

Sporophylls

Answer 38

modified leaves with sporangia

Question 39

Sori

Answer 39

clusters of sporangia on the undersides of sporophylls

Question 40

Strobili

Answer 40

cone like structures formed from groups of sporophylls

Question 41

Which group formed the first true forests on earth?

Answer 41

Seedless vascular plants

Question 42

Homosporous

Answer 42

sporangium on sporophyte produces a single type of spore, usually a bisexual gametophyte that can produce egg or sperm

Question 43

Heterosporous

Answer 43

producing multiple types of spores, either megasporangium (female) or microsporangium (male)

Question 44

Most seedless vascular plants are (homo/heterosporous)

Answer 44

homosporous

Question 45

All seeded plants are (homo/heterosporous)

Answer 45

heterosporous

Question 46

Seed

Answer 46

consists of an embryo and nutrients surrounded by a protective coat

Question 47

Types of seeded vascular plants

Answer 47

- gymnosperms - angiosperms

Question 48

Pollen

Answer 48

protects male gametophytes and can be transported by wind/animals

Question 49

Pollen grains

Answer 49

contain male gametophytes

Question 50

Pollination

Answer 50

transfer of pollen to the part of a seed plant containing the ovules

Question 51

Pollen eliminates the need for ...

Answer 51

(a film of) water

Question 52

Ovules

Answer 52

protect female gametophytes

Question 53

An ____ fertilized by ______ develops into a ____

Answer 53

ovule; pollen; seed

Question 54

Ovules consist of...

Answer 54

- Megasporangium - Megaspore - 1+ protective intugements

Question 55

Gymnosperm have (#) integuments and angiosperm have (#) integuments

Answer 55

1; 2;

Question 56

Shared derived traits of seeded plants

Answer 56

- Reduced gametophytes - Heterospory - Ovules - Pollen

Question 57

Gymnosperms

Answer 57

gametophytes develop within cones

Question 58

Four phyla of gymnosperms

Answer 58

- Cycadophyta ex. cycads - Ginkgophyta ex. gingko biloba - Gnetophyta ex. gnetum, ephedra, welwitschia - Coniferophyta ex. conifers (pine, fir, redwood)

Question 59

In gymnosperms, seeds occur on modified leaves (___________) that typically form cones (________)

Answer 59

sporophylls; storbii;

Question 60

Angiosperms

Answer 60

gametophytes develop within flowers/fruits

Question 61

(Angio/gymnosperms) are the most widespread and diverse of all plants

Answer 61

Angiosperms

Question 62

Flower

Answer 62

an angiosperm structure specialized for sexual reproduction

Question 63

Four types of modified leaves

Answer 63

- Sepals - Petals - Stamens - Carpels | SPSC

Question 64

Sepals

Answer 64

enclose the flower

Question 65

Petals

Answer 65

brightly colored/attract pollinators

Question 66

Stamens

Answer 66

produce pollen on their terminal anthers

Question 67

Carpels

Answer 67

produce ovules

Question 68

Fruit

Answer 68

typically consists of a mature ovary, but can also include other flower parts

Question 69

Mechanisms of seed dispersal in fruits

Answer 69

- Active explosion - Wings on the seed - Seeds within berries/edible fruits dispersed through feces - Barbs hitchhiking on animals

Question 70

Flower is composed of both ____ and _______ structures

Answer 70

male and female

Question 71

Most flowers have mechanisms to ensure _____-___________ between flowers from different plants of the same species

Answer 71

cross-pollination

Question 72

Endosperm

Answer 72

tissue in seeds that provides nourishment to the embryo

Question 73

Double fertilization

Answer 73

occurs when the pollen tube discharges two sperm into the female gametophyte within an ovule

Question 74

Pollen tube

Answer 74

a tubular structure that grows from a pollen grain after it lands on the stigma of a flower

Question 75

Monocots have (#) cotyledon and Eudicots have (#) eudicots

Answer 75

1;2