Plasma Proteins Flashcards
(114 cards)
1
Q
Functions of plasma proteins
A
Nutrition Fluid exchange Buffering Binding and transport Enzymes Hormones Blood coagulation Viscosity Defense Reserve proteins Tumors markers Antiproteases
2
Q
Major gourds of proteins found by salting out method
A
Fibrinogen
Albumin
Globulins
3
Q
Major proteins found by electrophoresis
A
Albumin Alpha 1 globulins Alpha 2 globulins Beta globulins Gamma globulins
4
Q
Major protein in blood
A
Albumin
5
Q
Amount of albumin in human plasma
A
3.4-4.7 g/dL
6
Q
Percentage of albumin in plasma protein
A
60%
7
Q
Proportion of albumin in plasma and in extra cellular space
A
40% in plasma
60% in extracellular space
8
Q
Half life of albumin
A
20 days
9
Q
Fastest protein to migrate in electrophoresis
A
Albumin
10
Q
Protein that precipitates last in salting out methods
A
Albumin
11
Q
Amount of albumin produced per day
A
12g
12
Q
First form of albumin during synthesis
A
Preproprotein
13
Q
Functions of albumin
A
Colloidal osmotic pressure Maintenance of blood volume and body fluid distribution Transport function Nutritive function Buffering action Viscosity Blood brain barrier
14
Q
Protein responsible for 75-80% of osmotic pressure
A
Albumin
15
Q
Hypoalbuminemia causes …
A
Edema due to fluid retentiojn
16
Q
Can albumin bind various ligands
A
Yes
17
Q
Type of substances carried by albumin
A
Free fatty acids Calcium Steroid hormones Bilirubin Copper Some drugs Sulfonamides Penicillin G Dicoumarol Phenytoin Aspirin
18
Q
Type of nutrients provided by albumin for tissue protein synthesis
A
Amino acids
19
Q
Protein with maximum buffering capacity
A
Albumin
20
Q
Viscosity of albumin
A
Low
21
Q
How can albumin cause Kernicterus
A
If person takes drug, drug can easily replace bilirubin and released bilirubin go to brain
22
Q
Level in hypoalbuminemia
A
Low
23
Q
Is there tetany in hypoalbuminemia due to low calcium
A
No
24
Q
Is there drug interaction with albumin binding
A
Yes
25
Example of drugs that can have drug interactions due to albumin
Phenytoin Dicoumarol interaction
26
 Conditions in which there is hypoalbuminemia
```
Cirrhosis of liver
malnutrition
nephritic syndrome
burns malabsorption
Analbuminemia
```
27
Solution that can separate each globulins
Half situation with ammonium sulfate
28
Types of globulins obtained by electrophoresis
Globulin alpha 1
Globulin alpha 2
Globulin beta
Globulin gamma
29
Globulins type synthesized in the liver
Globulin Alpha
| globulin beta
30
Where are globulin gamma synthesized
Plasma cells and B cells of lymphoid tissues
31
The synthesis of gamma globulin increases or decreases in chronic conditions like Chronic infections ,chronic liver disease, leukemia, lymphomas …
Increases
32
What type of molecule are globulins
Glycoproteins
33
Examples of alpha-1 globulins
Alpha-1 anti-trypsin
Alpha 1 acid glycoprotein ( orosomucoid )
Alpha 1 fetoproteinn
34
Major component of alpha-1 fraction of human plasma
Alpha-1 anti-trypsin (alpha-1 antiprotease)
35
Principal serine protease inhibitor of plasma
Alpha 1 anti trypsin
36
Function of alpha-1 anti-trypsin
Inhibits trypsin
| Inhibit elastase
37
Major genotype of alpha-1 anti-trypsin in
MM
38
MM deficiency can lead to this pulmonary disease
Emphysema
39
What is the function of antitrypsin in the lung
Protect them from proteases
40
Group of people exposed to emphysema
Smokers
41
How does smoking creates emphysema
Oxidizes methionine I;alpha 1 antitrypsin which inactivâtes it.
42
Can z variant of alpha 1 antitrypsin cause cirrhosis of liver
Yes
43
Osoromucoid concentration in plasma
0.6 g/dL to 1.4 g/dL
44
Percentage of carbohydrates in osoromucoid
41%
45
What’s alpha globulin is a marker of acute inflammation, act as a transporter for progesterone, and transport carbohy to site of injury
Osoromucoid
46
Does concentration of Osoromucoid increases of decreases in inflammation, cirrhosis of liver and malignant disease
Increases
47
Does concentration of Osoromucoid increase or decreases in liver disease, malnutrition , and nephrotic syndrome
Decreasss
48
Is Osoromucoid present in high concentration in fetal blood in mid pregnancy
Yes
49
Does Osoromucoid concentration increase during pregnancy
Ues
50
Globulin considered like a marker for diagnosis of hepatocellualr carcinoma
Osoromucoid
51
Important alpha 2 globulins
Haptoglobin
Ceruloplasmin
Alpha 2 macroglobulins
52
plasma glycoprotein That binds extracorpuscular hemoglobin (Hb) in a right nonconvalent complex
Haptoglobin
53
Function of HAptoglobin
Prevents lots of free hemoglobin in kidney. Which conserves Iron
54
Does comcentr of haptoglobin increases or decreases in inflammation
Increases
55
Does concentration of haptoglobin increases or decreases in hemolytic anemia
Decreases because removed more easily when not bound to hemoglobin
56
What is the copper containing alpha-2 globulin
Ceruloplasmin
57
Color of Ceruloplasmin
Blue
58
Protein that transports 90 % of copper
Ceruloplasmin
59
Normal plasma concentration of Ceruloplasmin
30mg/dl
60
Enzyme activities of ceruloplasmin
Ferroxidasd
Copper oxidase
Histaminase
61
Where is ceruloplasmin synthetized
Liver
62
10% of copper Carrie by …
Albuminn
63
Which donates copper more readily to tissues . Ceruloplasmin or albumin
Albumin because less tightly bound to copper
64
Wilson disease ceruloplasmin level
25-50 mg/ do
| Reduced
65
How does ceruloplasmin play a role in Wilson disease
Because low concentration of ceruloplasmin , there is more free copper in the blind leading to damage to tissues
66
Diseases with decreased ceruloplasmin
Liver diseases
Wilson disease
Malnutrition
Nephrotic syndrome
67
Major component of alpha 2 protein
Alpha. 2 macroglobulin
68
what synthétisés alpha 2 macroglobulin
Macrophages and hepatocytes
69
Functions of alpha 2 macroglobulin.
Inactivâtes all proteases
70
Normal serum level of alpha 2 macroglobulin
130-300 mg/dl
71
Disease in which there is increased level of AMG
Nephrotic syndrome
72
Important beta globulins
```
Transferrin
C reactive protein
Haemopexin
Complement C1 q
Beta lipoprotein LDL
```
73
Where is transferrin synthesized
In the liver
74
Transferrin function
Transports iron where it’s needed
75
Transferrin receptors
Tfr1
| Tfr2
76
What causes iron to dissociate from protein in the lysosome
Acidic pH
77
Concentration in plasma of transferrin
300 mg/dL
78
Proportion of transferrin Saturation with iron
1/3
79
Why is it called c reactive protein
Because react with the c polysaccharide of capsule of the pneumococci
80
Where is C-reactive proteins synthesized
In the liver
81
Function of C-reactive proteins
Stimulate complement activity and macrophages
82
Does concentration of C-reactive protein increases or decreases inflammation
Increas
83
Is C-reactive protein an important marker for coronary heart disease
Yes
84
Normal level of hemopexin
0.5-1 gm /L
85
Where is hemopexin synthesized
In the liver
86
What is the function of hemopexin
Buying Haem when broken down from hemoglobin
87
When do you have low levels of hemopexin
At birth
hemolytic disorders
Drugs
88
When do you have high levels of hemopexin
Pregnancy diabetes
Malignancies
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
89
Complement c1q is the first factor that binds antibody , t or f ?
True
90
Normal level of complement
0.15gm/L
91
What does low level of compliment indicate
Circulation of antigen antibody complex
92
When do you have high levels of compliments
Chronic infection
93
Gamma globulins function
Defense mechanism of body
94
Five types of gamma globulins
```
G
A
D
M
E
```
95
 What is clotting factor one
Fibrinogen
96
Does fibrinogen causes maximum or minimum blood viscosity
Maximum
97
Where is fibrinogen synthesized
In the liver
98
What makes fibrinogen soluble in plasma And prevent aggregation
Negative charge
99
What are acute phase proteins
Proteins that increase in level due to inflammatory and neoplastic conditions
100
What are examples of acute phase proteins
```
C-reactive proteins
Ceruloplasmin
Alpha-1 anti-trypsin
Alpha 2 macroglobulin
Alpha 1 acid glycoprotein
```
101
 This type of protein contribute to amyloidosis in chronic inflammation
Acute phase proteins
102
Symptoms of acute phase proteins
```
Fever
increaesed blood pressure
decreased sweating
Malaise
Loss of appetite
Somnolence
```
103
What are negative acute phase protein
This pertains levels decrease in response to inflammatory process is
104
Example of proteins that decrease in inflammatory process is
Albumin
Transthyretin
Retinol binding protein
transferrin
105
what are bence jones protein
Abnormal protein with monoclonal light chain found in urine of patient with multiple myeloma
106
Test for bence jones proteins
Heat coagulation test
Zone Electrophoresis
Immune electrophoresis
107
What are cryoglobulin
Proteins that coagulate win very low temperature of serum
| Monoclonal igG OR IgM
108
This is where you have high cryoglobulins
```
rheumatoid arthritis
Multiple myeloma
Lymphocytic leukemia
Lymphosarcoma
SLE
```
109
When do you have hypoproteinemia
When more than 8 g/dL proteins
110
Causes of hyperproteinemia
```
Dehydration
Excessive vomiting
diarrhea
diabetes insipidus
Pyloric stenosis or obstruction
Diuresis
Intestinal obstruction

```
111
Polyclonal disease
Chronic infections
chronic liver disease
sarcoidosis
autoimmune disease
112
Monoclonal disease
```
Multiple myeLoma
macroglobulinemia
Lymphosarcoma
leukemia
Hodgkin disease
```
113
Causes of Hypoproteinemia
Hemodilution
| low albumin
114
Causes of hypoproteinemia
```
Nephrotic syndrome
proteins losing enteropathy
Severe liver disease
Malnutrition
malabsorption
Extensive skin burns
pregnancy
malignancies
```
