White Cells

Question 1

2 classes of WBCs

Answer 1

Granulocytes

AGranulocytes

Question 2

Granulocyte WBCs

Answer 2

Neutrophils,
eosinophils,
basophils

Question 3

Agranulocytes WBCs

Answer 3

Monocytes

lymphocytes

Question 4

Normal total wbc count

Answer 4

2.50 - 8.50 x10^9

Question 5

What is granulopoeisis

Answer 5

Production of Granulocytes

Question 6

Primary granules in granulopoeisis

Answer 6

Myeloperoxidase
Acid phosphatase
Esterase

Question 7

Secondary granules

Answer 7

Lysozyme
Elastase
Lactoferrin

Question 8

Secondary granules are Peroxidase positive or negative

Answer 8

Periodixase negative

Question 9

2 pools in blood stream

Answer 9

Circulating pool

Marinating pool

Question 10

Is the circulating pool included in the FBC

Answer 10

Yes

Question 11

Is the marginating pool included in the full blood counts

Answer 11

No

Question 12

What is circulating pool

Answer 12

Free-flowing cells in the blood

Question 13

What is marginating pool

Answer 13

Neutrophils adherence to endothelium in low flow exchange vessels

Question 14

S The time spent by bone marrow Granulocytes in circulation before moving into tissues

Answer 14

6 to 10 hours

Question 15

The amount of time spent by bone marrow granulocytes in tissues before being destroyed due to old age or defensive action

Answer 15

4 to 5 days

Question 16

Percentage of neutrophils parts of white blood cells

Answer 16

25 to 75%

Question 17

Z Normal amount of neutrophils

Answer 17

2.0 - 7.0 x10^9

Question 18

morphology of nucleus of neutrophils

Answer 18

2 to 5 lobes nucleus

Reddish to violet granules in the cytoplasm

Question 19

Where are neutrophils stored

Answer 19

Marrow

Question 20

Circulation of neutrophils

Answer 20

6- 12h

Question 21

Time of neutrophils in tissues

Answer 21

’ 2-4 days

Question 22

Functions of neutrophils

Answer 22

Acute inflammation

Defense against pyigenic bacterial infections , certain fungi

Question 23

Steps of phagocyte function of neutrophils

Answer 23

Chemotaxis

Phagocytosis

Question 24

2 mechanisms of neuhophils phagocytic function

Answer 24

Respiratory burst which is oxidative burst

Anti-microbial proteins non-oxidative killing

Question 25

What is the Respiratory burst killing

Answer 25

Reactive oxidative products activates elastase collagenase leading to surrounding tissue injury

Question 26

What is the anti-microbial proteins non oxidative killing

Answer 26

Proteins like defensins, lactoferrin, in granules

Question 27

Steps of neutrophils phagocytosis

Answer 27

``` Chemotaxis Microbe adherence to phagocyte Ingestion of microbe by phagocyte Formation of a phagosome Phagosome + lysosome fusion -> phagolysosome Microbe digested by enzyme Residual body with indesgitible material Discharge of waste material ```

Question 28

What is left shift

Answer 28

Increase in number of immature neutrophil cell types among the blood cells

Question 29

Physiological changes causing variation of neutrophil counts

Answer 29

After exercise Pregnancy, lactation Mental /emotional stress

Question 30

Pathological causes of Neutrophil

Answer 30

Acute pyogenic bacterial infection Burns After hemorrhage Myocardial infarction

Question 31

eosinophils percentages of WBCs

Answer 31

1.0-6.0 %

Question 32

Eosinophils amount

Answer 32

0.02-0.4 x10^9

Question 33

Size of eosinophils

Answer 33

10-15 micrometer

Question 34

Morphology of eosinophils nucleus

Answer 34

Bilobed nucleus | Large orange red granules

Question 35

Growth factors eosinophils

Answer 35

IL 5 Il3 GM CSF

Question 36

Circulation eosinophils time

Answer 36

6-18h

Question 37

Time in tissue eosinophils

Answer 37

8-12 days

Question 38

Granule components in eosinophils

Answer 38

Cytotoxic proteins | Pro inflammatory proteins

Question 39

Functions of eosinophils

Answer 39

Parasites défence Allergic responses Tissue repair

Question 40

Basophils percentage f wbcsc

Answer 40

0-1%

Question 41

Normal basophils count.

Answer 41

0-0.1x10^9

Question 42

Nucleus morphology of basophils

Answer 42

Bilobed nucleus | Large basophils granules inside

Question 43

Growth factors basophils

Answer 43

IL3

Question 44

Basophils circulation

Answer 44

Two weeks

Question 45

Components of granules in basophils

Answer 45

Histamine vasodilator serotonin heparin anticoagulants leukotrienes

Question 46

Functions of basophils

Answer 46

Hypersensitivity reactions

Question 47

Causes of variations in basophil counts

Answer 47

Allergic conditions chronic myeloid leukemia viral infections like chicken pox in influenza

Question 48

mast cells nucleus morphology

Answer 48

Unilobed nucleus

Question 49

Functions of mast cells

Answer 49

IgE mediated allergic disorders

Question 50

Lymphocytes count

Answer 50

1.00-3.00 x 10^9

Question 51

Causes of lymphocytosis

Answer 51

Chronic infections like tuberculosis viral infections autoimmune disease

Question 52

Lymphopenia causes

Answer 52

Patients patients with corticosteroids and immunosuppressive therapy Hypoplastic marrow widespread irradiation? AIDS

Question 53

Largest leukocytes in peripheral blood

Answer 53

Monocyte

Question 54

morphology of nucleus in monocytes

Answer 54

Kidney shaped horseshoe shaped

Question 55

Morphology of cytoplasm in monocytes

Answer 55

``` Abundant stains grayish blue groundglass appearance Few fine pinkish purple azurophilic granules Fine vacuoles ```

Question 56

Primary Function

Answer 56

Phagocytosis

Question 57

Monocytes count variation

Answer 57

Bacterial infections like tuberculosis, syphilide , subacute bacterial endoCarditis Protozoa and rickettsial infections