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Flashcards in Pleural Diseases Deck (13)
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1
Q

What are the Clinical Presentations of a Pleural Effusion?

A

Cough
Dyspnia
Nonspecific Discomfort
Occasional Pleuritic Chest pain

2
Q

What are the physical findings of a pleural effusion?

A
Hypoxia
Tachypnia
Dullness on percussion
Decreased Breath Sounds
Bronchial Breathing
Mediastinal Shift
3
Q

What are the steps of evaluation of pleural fluid?

A
Gross visual exam
Olfactory exam
Serologic Exam
Send out for WBC w/differential
Cell count
Glucose
Protein
LDH
Cultures/Gram stain
Amylase
Cytology
4
Q

What are the parameters of a Transudate?

A

Pleural fluid protein/serum protein

5
Q

What are the parameters of a Exudate?

A

Pleural fluid protein/serum protein >0.5
Pleural fluid LDH/Serum LDH >0.6
Pleural fluid LDH >0.45 normal serum

6
Q

What are Causes of Transudates vs exudates

A

Trans: Hydrostatic or osmotic pressure; CHF, PE, cirrhosis, nephrotic synd, hypoalbuminemia
Exudates: Protein Rich; Tumor, infection, trauma, inflammatory conditions.

7
Q

What is an empyema?

A

***pH

8
Q

What are other factors in Analysis of pleural fluid?

A
Amylase
Decreased glucose?
Cholesterol effusion
Chylothorax
Hemothorax
9
Q

What is Chemical Pleurodesis?

A

Administration of a sclerosing agent or irritant to “glue” the lung to the pleural wall.

10
Q

What are the treatment options in pneumothorax?

A

Nothing(wait and watch)
Drainage by tube thoracostomy.
(may need to maintain suction for days!)

11
Q

What is the tumor/cancer associated with the pleural space?

A

Mesothelioma associated with Asbestos exposure

Can be benign or aggressive or malignant

12
Q

What are common causes of spontaneous Pneumothorax?

A
Iodiopathic 
Emphysema
Interstitial Lung disease
Eosinophilic granuloma/ histeocytosis X
Cystic Fibrosis
Asthma
Malignancy
13
Q

What are common causes of Traumatic Pneumothorax?

A

Penetrating and non-penetrating chest trauma
Transbronchoscopic or transthoracic lung biopsy
thoracentesis
Mechanical ventilation
Esophageal perforation