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GOATED BRS > PNS > Flashcards

PNS Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name of the nervous system branch that controls voluntary movement

A

Somatic

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2
Q

What is the name of the nervous system that controls involuntary responses

A

Autonomic

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3
Q

Within the visceral nervous system, what is the difference between the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches

A

Symp-Fight or flight
-Mobilises bodily systems
-efferent nerves innervate the viscera (organs) and periphery (vasculature and sweat glands)

Parasymp
-Conserves energy
-Efferent nerves innervate the viscera (organs) only

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4
Q

How many pairs of cranial and spinal nerves are there?

A

12 CN
31SN

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5
Q

What is a dermatome and myotome

A

Dermatome: An area of skin supplied by a single spinal nerve

Myotome: Group of muscles innervated by a single spinal nerve

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6
Q

What is a nucleus

A

A collection of neurone cell bodies within the CNS

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7
Q

What is a ganglion

A

A collection of neurone cell bodies outside the CNS

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8
Q

What is a plexus

A

A network of interconnected nerves

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9
Q

Where do afferent (somatic and visceral) fibres have their cell bodies

A

Spinal ganglia

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10
Q

Where do visceral efferent nerves synapse

A

Peripheral ganglion

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11
Q

Give the overall outline for the PNS branches

A
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12
Q

Give the gross anatomy of a spinalnerve incl the 3 connective tissue layers

A

Three layers of connective tissues

External vascular layer - epineurium

Individual fascicles covered in perineurium

Individual axons covered in endoneurium

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13
Q

How are nerve fibres classified

A

Conduction velocity (A,B,C. A is fastest)

Axonal diameter (I-IV. I is largest)-Only sensory are measured

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14
Q

Give the 5 sensory neurone types(by type of detection)

A

Chemoreceptors
Thermoreceptors
Photoreceptors
Mechanoreceptors
Nocireceptors

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15
Q

Give the classification of types of receptors and what they detect

A

External
-Exteroreceptors
(Pain, temp, touch, pressure)

Internal
-Proprioeptors
(Movement, joint position)
-Enteroceptors
(Movement through gut, pH)

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16
Q

Give an example of where’ you’d find chemoreceptors

A

Detector molecules which bind to receptor e.g in olfactory bulb

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17
Q

Give an example of where’ you’d find photoreceptors

A

Detect light in retina

18
Q

Give an example of where’ you’d find thermoreceptors

A

Detect temp in skin

19
Q

Give an example of where’ you’d find mechanoreceptors

A

Mechanical opening of ion channels e.g skin receptors

20
Q

What is the function of nociceptors

A

Detect tissue damage, interpreted as pain

21
Q

What do muscle spindles detect?

A

Changes in muscle length

22
Q

What do golgi tendon organs detect?

A

Changes in tension in tendons

23
Q

What do joint receptors do?

A

Found in joint capsules-Detect start and end of movement

24
Q

What is a neuromuscular junction

A

A unique synapse between a neurone and muscle fibre

25
Q

The the reflex arc and the definition of a reflex(muscle)

A
  1. Stretching of muscle stimulates sensory receptor
  2. Sensory neurone activated
  3. Within integrating center, sensory neurone activates motor neurone
  4. Motor neurone activated
  5. Effector muscle contracts and relieves the stretching

An involuntary coordinated pattern of muscle contraction and relaxation elicited by peripheral stimuli

26
Q

Outline the general structure of the autonomic nervous system

A

Has visceral afferent and efferent parts

Efferent can be sympathetic or parasympathetic

Releases Ach at pre-ganglionic neurons

Releases noradrenaline(sympathetic) or Ach(Parasympathetic) at post-ganglionic neurones

-Apart from vessels where Ach is always released

27
Q

What does the autonomic nervous system sense and through what S/C nerves?

A

Relay sensory information from the core
Pain, fullness, blood pressure
T1-L2, S2-S4 and cranial nerves IX and X

28
Q

Which spinal nerves does the autonomic nervous system motor segment innervate through?

A

Outflow to core and body wall
Controls pupils, sweat glands, salivary glands, heart muscle, airways
Parasympathetic(craniosacral): CN III, VII, IX, X and S2-S4

Sympathetic(thoracolumbar): T1-L2

29
Q

Where is the sympathetic and parasympathetic outflow of the autonomic nervous system

A

Sympathetic: T1-L2
Parasympathetic: CN III,VII,IX,X; S2-S4

30
Q

How does the sympathetic nervous system innervate the nerves in the region outside T1-L2?

A

Out of the spinal cord, through the ventral roots then white ramus communicans, up/down the paravertebral sympathetic trunks and through the gray ramus communicans into the peripheral tissue.

31
Q

How is the heart innervated autonomically?

A

Sympathetic cardiac nerves
-Directly from T1-T4 into the cardiac plexus
or
-Travel through the white ramus communicans into the cervical spine through the sympathetic trunk then into the cardiac plexus

32
Q

For the autonomic nervous system, where are the synapses for the sympathetic cardiac nerves?

A

Pre-aortic ganglia

33
Q

Which CN innervates the lacrimal glands?

A

III

34
Q

Which CN innervates pupillary constriction?

A

VII

35
Q

Which CN innervates the parotid gland?

A

IX

36
Q

Which CN innervates the salivary glands?

A

VII

37
Q

Which classification of nerve fibre is unmyelinated?

A

IV C

38
Q
A
39
Q

How does the pathway of the sympathetic pathway differ from the parasympathetic pathway?

A

Sympathetic system affects the viscera and periphery whereas the parasympathetic system only affects the viscera

40
Q

Where do somatic efferent/afferent nerves carry signals to/from

A

To: Skeletal muscles

From: Joints, Skeletal muscles, Skin

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