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GOATED BRS > Psychiatry > Flashcards

Psychiatry Flashcards

1
Q

What is psychic anxiety?

A

Feeling of fear or dread

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2
Q

Give some symptoms of anxiety

A

Palpitations
Sweating
Dry mouth
Splanchnic vasoconstriction (butterflies)
Tremor
Paraesthesia (pins & needles)
Depersonalisation
Syncope

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3
Q

Give some symptoms of OCD

A

Ego-dystonic thoughts
Repetitive, circular ruminations
May be bizarre and sound delusional
Insight maintained
Unbidden and resisted
Resistance leads to anxiety
Motor response to obsessional thoughts
Often ritualistic, stereotyped, precise

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4
Q

What can you classify anxiety as?

A

Generalised anxiety disorder
Panic disorder
Agoraphobia
Simple phobia
Social phobia

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5
Q

When is anxiety classified as normal and as a disorder?

A

Anxiety is normal (and useful!)
Anxiety is only a ‘disorder’ if it is excessive, impacts on life or out of context

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6
Q

Give some psychological symptoms of depression

A

Poor concentration
Feelings of guilt
Feelings of hopelessness
Low self-esteem
Indecisive
Suicidal ideation
Delusions

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7
Q

Give some physical symptoms of depression

A

Loss of appetite
Weight loss
Diurnal variation of mood
Poor sleep
Loss of libido
Constipation
Psychomotor slowing or agitation

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8
Q

What are the treatments of depression?

A

Medication: Antidepressants
Response after 2-3 weeks
Psychological therapies
12 session CBT
Social prescribing
Exercise, company
90% of patients make a full recovery

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9
Q

Core features of depression

A

Pervasive low mood/sadness
Loss of energy (anergia)
Loss of enjoyment (anhedonia)

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10
Q

Give some symptoms of mania

A

Elated mood
Irritability
Over-energized
Grandiose
Little need for sleep
Poor concentration
Poor judgement
Over-spending
Rapid speech

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11
Q

Give some symptoms of schizophrenia

A

Hallucination
Delusion
Passivity
Thought alienation
Abnormal Behaviour
Disorganised speech
Disturbances of emotions

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12
Q

What is formal thought disorder?

A

Failing to follow the semantic and syntactic rules of language

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13
Q

Schizophrenia treatments

A

Antipsychotics
Psychological therapies
Family therapy
Arts therapies

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13
Q

What is reality failure?

A

A group of pathologies which disrupt the process of perceiving and interpreting reality.

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14
Q

What is psychosis characterised as?

A

Psychosis usually defined as hallucinations + delusions

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15
Q

What is the content of consciousness selected by?

A

Attention

16
Q

What is a delusion?

A

Fixed, false, unshakeable belief, out of context with cultural background

17
Q

Give some causes of psychosis

A

Schizophrenia
Mania
Depression
Drugs
Endocrine
Metabolic
Infections

18
Q

What is the difference between positive and negative symptoms?

A

Pos+
Hallucinations
Delusions
Persecutory/Grandiose
- Delusional perceptions
- Delusions of control
- Thought delusions or interference
Neg-
Anhedonia
Apathy
Social withdrawal
Blunted mood

19
Q

What are disorganised symptoms?

A

Thought disorder
Disorganised speech/behaviour
Inappropriate affect

20
Q

What are 2 major factors in experience/self awareness disturbance?

A

Perplexity
Disruption of sense of self

21
Q

Pathophysiology of schizophrenia

A

1% prevalence ~ 80% is heritable
Excess of striatal dopamine

22
Q

What is the role of dopamine

A

Anticipated reward → directed attention
Reward prediction error signalling
Salience (sense of importance attached to perceptions)

23
Q

What is the core function of working memory?

A

Contextualisation of the present moment

24
Q

Give some treatments of psychosis

A

Antipsychotics
(Dopamine blockers)
Psychological therapies
Social support

25
Q

What social factor makes someone much more likely to suffer from mental illness

A

Victim of violence

26
Q

What are the 2 generalised classifications of symptoms?

A

Communications
Adaptations

27
Q

What is anxiety a response to and what is its role?

A

Exists to automatically motivate us to avoid harm.

28
Q

What can anxiety and depression be conceptualised as?

A

A self-perpetuating network of positive feedback loops arising from normally adapted responses

29
Q

What is central to the development of addictions?

A

Social context

30
Q

What is characterised as negative reinforcement

A

Negative reinforcement, driven by the distresscaused by the intrusive thoughts, and cemented by habit- formation, are central to compulsion in OCD.

31
Q

What are eating disorders conceptualised as?

A

Eating disorders can be conceptualised as means of reducing intense distress, particularly that associated with feeling everything is out of control.

32
Q

What factors prompt self harm and what role does it have?

A

Self-harm typically occurs in the context of low self-worth and persistent distress – it serves various functions, mainly related to reducing this distress.

33
Q

What is the abbreviation for self harm without suicidal intention?

A

NSSI-Non suicidal self injury

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