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Geography > Population > Flashcards

Population Flashcards

1
Q

Population

What two factors affect population size?

A

Birth rate and death rate

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2
Q

Population

What is birth rate?

A

Number of live babies born per thousand of population per year.

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3
Q

Population

What is death rate?

A

Number of deaths per thousand of population per year.

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4
Q

Population

What is natural increase?

A

When birth rate is higher than rate of death, so population grows.

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5
Q

Population

What is a natural decrease?

A

When death rate is higher than birth rate.

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6
Q

Population

What other factor also affects population size?

A

Migration - number of people moving from one area to another.

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7
Q

Population

What stages are poor countries at on the DTM?

A

Earlier stages

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8
Q

Population

What stages are richer, more developed countries at on the DTM?

A

Later stages

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9
Q

Population

What does DTM stand for?

A

Demographic Transition Model

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10
Q

Population

How is population growth described?

A

Exponential

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11
Q

Population

What factors can increase population?

A

Better health care
Better sanitation
More babies being born

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12
Q

Population

What factors can cause the population to decrease?

A

Contraception
Limits to baby numbers
Economic development

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13
Q

Population

What is population growth rate?

A

Number of people added to, or lost from population each year as a result of natural increase/migration.

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14
Q

Population

What is sustainable development?

A

Meeting the needs of the population without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs.

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15
Q

Population

What are young dependents

A

Those under the age of 15

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16
Q

Population

What are working population or those economically active?

A

Those aged 15-64

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17
Q

Population

What are elderly dependents?

A

Those 65+

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18
Q

Population

What is the dependency ratio?

A

A measure of the number of working people and those dependent on them.

(Kids + elderly) / working population x 100

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19
Q

Population

What is a pro natalist strategy?

A

Encourages people to have more babies so the population structure is altered.

20
Q

Population

What is migration?

A

The movement of people from one place to another

21
Q

Population

What is a migrant?

A

A person who moves from one country to another

22
Q

Population

What is the source country?

A

Where the migrants originally come from

23
Q

Population

What is the host country?

A

The country the migrant goes to

24
Q

Population

What is an economic migrant?

A

People who move to another country to earn money

25
Q

Population

What is a refugee?

A

Factors like conflict, drought, poverty, corruption and lack of jobs forces people to leave their homes.

26
Q

Population

What are push factors?

A

Negatives like war or natural disaster which force people to leave a country

27
Q

Population

What are pull factors?

A

Positives such as job opportunities and better living standard which entices people to a country.

28
Q

Population

What is stage one of the DTM?

A

High BR due to lack of contraception. Parents want lots of children to work land. High DR due to famine, disease, poor hygiene and lack of doctors.

29
Q

Population

When was the UK at stage 1 DTM?

A

Pre 1780

30
Q

Population

Which country is at stage 1 of the DTM?

A

Ethiopia

31
Q

Population

What is stage 2 of the DTM?

A

BR still high - lots of kids born but die young. Religion influences many. DR reduces - improved healthcare and water/food.

32
Q

Population

When was the UK at stage 2 of the DTM?

A

1770 - 1880

33
Q

Population

What country is at stage 2 of the DTM?

A

Bolivia and India

34
Q

Population

What is stage 3 of the DTM?

A

BR declines due to increased access to contraception. More children survive. DR reduces - improved sanitation, vaccination and surgery.

35
Q

Population

When was the UK at stage 3 of the DTM?

A

1880 - 1940

36
Q

Population

Which country is at stage 3 of the DTM?

A

China

37
Q

Population

What is stage 4 of the DTM?

A

BR stays low (birth control and survival rates). DR remains low due to quality healthcare.

38
Q

Population

When was the UK at stage 4 of the DTM?

A

After 1940

39
Q

Population

Which country is at stage 4 of the DTM?

A

USA and Canada

40
Q

Population

What is stage 5 of the DTM?

A

BR very low. Country has low fertility - focus on careers. DR rises. Total population decreasing.

41
Q

Population

When did the Uk reach stage 5 of the DTM?

A

From 2000

42
Q

Population

Which country is at stage 5 of the DTM?

A

Germany

43
Q

Population

How is a population pyramid different for MEDCs and LEDCs?

A

LEDCs have a pyramid shape getting smaller towards top, whereas MEDC is more rectangular and varies band width.

44
Q

Population

What is the freedom of women called?

A

Emancipation

45
Q

Population

What are some of the effects of a ageing population?

A 
Less people economically active.
More pensions needed.
Less care available for elderly.
Strain on resources.
Medical care focused on elderly.
46
Q

Population

What are some of the push factors for economic migrants leaving a country?

A

Unemployment.

Low wages.

47
Q

Population

Describe two ways migration within the EU can have a positive effect on countries such as the UK.

A

Migrants from Poland give the UK economy a boost of £4 million and a larger tax base. Migrants reduce recruitment difficulties by providing a skilled workforce that is young.

Geography (34 decks)

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