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From Flashcardlet > Positive Psy > Flashcards

Positive Psy Flashcards

0
Q

RealityNegotiation

A
  1. Moving toward agreed upon worldviews
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1
Q

Positive PSY

A
  1. Scientific and applied approach to uncovering people’s strengths and promoting their positive functioning
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2
Q

Abraham Maslow

A
  1. Coined term positive psychology in 1954
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3
Q

Social constructs

A

Perspectives or definitions that are agreed upon by many people to constitute reality (rather than some objectively defined truth that resides in objects, situations, and people).

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4
Q

Three tenets of influential Western traditions

A
  1. Athenian
  2. Judeo-Christian
  3. Islam: strong component to look out for one’s brother, a duty not a privilege to support the poor
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5
Q

Four tenets of Eastern tradition

A
  1. Confucianism: leadership and education central to morality
  2. Taoism: “the way”
  3. Buddhism: reaching nirvana, a state which the self is freed from desire for anything.
  4. Hinduism: inter connectedness of all things
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6
Q

ME psychology (individualism)

A
  1. Rugged individual: through hard work, anyone can succeed
  2. Concern for the self is greater than concern for the group
  3. 3 core emphasis
    A. Sense of independence
    B. Desire to stand out
    C. Use of self as unit of analysis in thinking about life
  4. Personal factors over social forces
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7
Q

WE psychology (collectivism)

A
  1. Person is disposed toward group interdependence
  2. 3 core emphasis
    A. dependence
    B. Conformity, desire to fit in
    C. Perception of the group as unit of analysis
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8
Q

Collectivism demographics

A
  1. Gulf between wealthy and poor around the world widening
  2. People in lower social classes more likely to be collectivist than upper social classes
  3. People become more collectivist as they grow older
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9
Q

Orientation to time

A
  1. Western cultures: future oriented thinking

2. Eastern cultures: the past oriented thinking

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10
Q

Thought process western vs. eastern

A
  1. Western: line oriented, focus on salient objects or people instead of larger picture, events controllable because we know the rules
  2. Eastern: world is a circle, constant change, moving back and forth, focus on the whole rather than parts, searching for relationships
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11
Q

Happiness eastern vs. western

A
  1. Western: straight line to happiness, overcoming obstacles, strength of hope
  2. Eastern: to seek happiness and achieve it means that unhappiness is coming next (yin yang). Seeks goal of balance (endurance)
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12
Q

The construct of Hope

A
  1. Powerful force in western civilization
  2. Symbolizes the agentic, goal focused thinking that gets one from here to there
  3. Positive future reflected in everyday ideas and words
  4. Renaissance brought economic growth, brightness and active hopeful thoughts began
  5. For the rugged individualist, hope the primary tool in moving towards the good life
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13
Q

Construct of uniqueness

A
  1. Need for distinctness, specialness
  2. Strong appeal in western culture, but some have a low need for uniqueness
  3. People evaluate the acceptability of their having varying degrees of similarity to other people (moderate to high sense of similarity rated most comfortable, most accurate one for people)
  4. Emotional reactions of perceived similarity to other people (highest positive emotional reactions occur when people perceive they have a moderate to high degree of similarity, showing maximal pleasure derived from human bonds)
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14
Q

Uniqueness attributes

A
  1. Acceptable attributes whereby citizens can show their differences
  2. Can be physical, material, informational, experiential
    Ex. Catch 22 carousel
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15
Q

The construct of compassion

A
  1. Unilateral emotion that is directed outward from oneself
  2. Capacity to feel and to do for others are central to achieving the good life in eastern culture
  3. Allows for identification with others and development of group cohesion, group happiness
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16
Q

The construct of harmony

A
  1. Eastern philosophy, harmony is viewed as central to achieving happiness
  2. The desire to find consensus among the group
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17
Q

Us psychology

A
  1. United States becoming more of an us nation
  2. But, socioeconomic differences between groups suggests a sense of hopelessness at being able to compete in the first place due to their disadvantages
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18
Q

Perspectives of high hope people about their lives and interactions with others

A
  1. High hope children learned about importance of other people and their perspectives, and consideration for others play
  2. High hopers seem to reap the greatest rewards in terms of successful performances and life satisfactions
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19
Q

Etiology

A
  1. The cause of something, such as an illness
20
Q

Culture bound syndromes

A
  1. Sets of symptoms much more common in some societies than in others
21
Q

Genetically deficient perspective/ culturally deficient perspective

A
  1. From 1800-1900 research findings generally consistent with belief that dominant race (European) was superior to all other racial or ethnic groups within US
22
Q

Culturally different perspective

A
  1. Recognizes the potential of each culture to engender unique strengths
23
Q

Craniometry

A
  1. Relationship of skull characteristics and intelligence (pseudoscience, how many seeds will fit in the skull)
  2. Intended to demonstrate superiority of one group over another
24
Q

Eugenics

A
  1. Study of methods of reducing genetic inferiority by selective inbreeding
  2. Hall and Goddard: Ellis Island screenings to increase deportation rates of feeble minded
25
Q

Culturally pluralistic

A
  1. Recognizing distinct cultural entities and adopting some values of the majority group
26
Q

Culturally relativistic

A
  1. Interpreting behaviors within the context of the culture
27
Q

Optimism

A
  1. Asian Americans significantly more pessimistic than Caucasians, but not significantly different from Caucasians in their level of optimism
  2. Asian Americans generally more negative in their affectivity than Caucasians
  3. Problem solving negatively correlated with depressive symptoms for Asian Americans but unrelated for Caucasians
  4. Pessimism negatively correlated with problem solving behaviors for Caucasians, it is positively correlated for Asian Americans
28
Q

Well being in African Americans

A
  1. Adherence to traditional AA worldview (religion etc) and pride in racial heritage predicted higher well being and positive psychological functioning
  2. Higher levels of reported racial pride also showed higher levels of resilience
  3. Salience in cultural factors may elicit various strengths
29
Q

Multicultural personality

A
  1. Strength based cluster of personality dispositions or traits that is hypothesized to predict cultural adjustment and quality of life outcomes in culturally heterogeneous societies
30
Q

Multicultural personality questionnaire

A
  1. Five factors: cultural empathy, open-mindedness, emotional stability, initiative, flexibility
  2. Correlations between multicultural personality orientation and well being
31
Q

Psychological strength

A
  1. universal across time, place and culture. Most people have developed and refined extraordinary qualities that promote adaption and the pursuit of of a better life
  2. There are no universal strengths, manifestations differ subtly and not so subtly across time, place and culture
  3. Life’s contexts affect how strengths are developed , defined, manifested, enhanced, and our understanding of these contexts contributes to diverse presentation of human capacity
  4. Culture is a reflection of and a determinant of the life goals that we value and pursue
  5. Must be willing to look beyond our own worldview to truly see strengths in all individuals
32
Q

Worldview

A
  1. Ways of describing the universe and life within it, both in terms of what is and what ought to be
33
Q

Strength

A
  1. Capacity for feeling, thinking, and behaving in a way that allows optimal functioning in the pursuit of of valued outcomes
34
Q

Psychometric properties

A
  1. The measurement characteristics of the tools
35
Q

Reliability

A
  1. The extent to which a measure or scale is consistent
36
Q

Validity

A
  1. The extent to which a scale measures what it’s suppose to measure
37
Q

Gallup’s Clifton StrengthsFinder

A
  1. Studied “what was right with Poole”
  2. Defined ‘talent’ as naturally recurring patterns of thought, feeling, behavior that can be productively applied and manifested in life experiences characterized by yearnings, rapid learning, satisfaction, and timelessness
  3. Clifton Viewed strengths as extensions of talent, combined with associated knowledge and skills
  4. Success closely allied with talent, strength, analytical intelligence
  5. Constructed empirically based interviews for identifying talents
38
Q

Construct validity

A
  1. Extent to which a scale measures the underlying attributes it intends to measure. Can be achieved by comparing measures to other measures that asses a similar construct.
39
Q

Linguistic equivalence

A
  1. Measures if traits translated into languages other than the one in which they were originally developed
  2. Translation > back translation
40
Q

Metric equivalence

A
  1. The same metric must be utilized in measuring a construct in one culture and comparing it to results found in another cultural group
41
Q

Psychological well being

A
  1. A type of well being that consists of six elements; self acceptance, personal growth, purpose in life, environmental mastery, autonomy, and positive relations with others
42
Q

Social well being

A
  1. A type of well being that consists of coherence, integration, actualization, contribution, and acceptance by others
43
Q

Emotional well being

A
  1. Type of well being consisting of perceptions of affirmed happiness and satisfaction with life, along with a balance of positive and negative affect
44
Q

Flourishing

A
  1. Individuals with high levels of emotional well being, psychological well being nod social well being
45
Q

Languishing

A
  1. Individuals who have no mental illness but who have low levels of well being
46
Q

Agape

A
  1. A spiritual love that reflects selflessness and altruism

2. Concern for another’s welfare and being and being undemanding for oneself

47
Q

Future orientations

A
  1. Perspectives in which one emphasizes future events and the consequences of ones actions
  2. Future oriented people focus on planning for things to come

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