PPt. 17: Cell Reproduction Unit 3

Question 1

The process by which one cell gives rise to two or more cells, usually called daughter cells

Answer 1

Cell division

Question 2

The daughter cells or resulting organisms are genetically identical to each other and to the parent cell that produced them

Answer 2

Asexual reproduction

Question 3

Results in cells or organisms that are not genetically identical to each other or to the parent that produced them

Answer 3

Sexual reproduction

Question 4

Cell splits into two daughter cells, each containing same genetic information

Answer 4

Binary fission

Question 5

Division of nucleus, results in the formation of two nuclei, each containing identical sets of chromosomes

Answer 5

Mitosis

Question 6

The division of cytoplasm into 2 new cells

Answer 6

Cytokinesis

Question 7

Eggs and sperm known as _______

Answer 7

Gametes

Question 8

Gametes are produced through
A. Meiosis
B. Mitosis
C. Asexual Reproduction

Answer 8

B. Mitosis

Question 9

Orderly sequence of activities that make up life of cell, from one division to next

Answer 9

Cell cycle

Question 10

Long period of growth during which the cell replicates its DNA, followed by binary fission

Answer 10

Prokaryotic cell cycle

Question 11

DNA is replicated during ______ phase

Answer 11

Growth

Question 12

Alleles come from _______

Answer 12

Mutations

Question 13

More complex, contain more DNA, DNA is packaged differently

Answer 13

Eukaryotic cell cycle

Question 14

Sections of DNA that contain information that can be translated into action by cell

Answer 14

Genes

Question 15

How is all of that DNA packaged so tightly into chromosomes and a tiny nucleus?

Answer 15

The fact that certain proteins compact chromosomal DNA into the microscopic space of the eukaryotic nucleus

Question 16

Proteins, provide energy to fold DNA

Answer 16

Histones

Question 17

Resulting DNA, protein complex

Answer 17

Chromatin

Question 18

Chromatin is __% DNA and __% Proteins

Answer 18

40, 60

Question 19

Basic unit of DNA packaging in eukaryotes

Answer 19

Nucleosome

Question 20

Consists of approximately 146 base pairs of DNA wrapped in left-hand superhelical turns around a histone octamer

Answer 20

Core particle

Question 21

Entire set of chromosomes contained within a cell

Answer 21

Karyotope

Question 22

Cells that contain two copies of each chromosome

Answer 22

Diploid

Question 23

Chromosomes within same gene

Answer 23

Homologous

Question 24

Cell acquires nutrients from its surroundings, grows and duplicates genetic material

Answer 24

Interphase

Question 25

Period where chromosomes are duplicated

Answer 25

Synthesis phase

Question 26

Two strands of DNA, attached to each other at a region called the centromere

Answer 26

Chromatids

Question 27

Protein structure for attaching chromatids to microtubules to move them

Answer 27

Kinetochore

Question 28

The chromosomes shorten, thicken and become visisble with a light microscope

Answer 28

Prophase

Question 29

Spindle fibers move duplicated chromosomes so they line up along the equator of the cell

Answer 29

Metaphase

Question 30

Sister chromatids separate, becoming independent daughter chromosomes

Answer 30

Anaphase

Question 31

Reverse of prophase, spindle microtubules disintegrate, nuclear membrane forms

Answer 31

Telophase

Question 32

Vesicles from Golgi complex fuse together

Answer 32

Cell plate

Question 33

When cell cycle goes wrong=_______

Answer 33

Cancer

Question 34

Causes of cancer

Answer 34

Radiation, Heredity, Pesticides, Viruses

Question 35

Leads to production of sex cells

Answer 35

Meiosis

Question 36

Containing one chromosome

Answer 36

Haploid

Question 37

Diploid condition restored with a zygote

Answer 37

Fertilization

Question 38

Pairs of duplicated homologous chromosomes line up side by side so they line up their entire length

Answer 38

Prophase I

Question 39

Consist of 4 chromatids bound together

Answer 39

Tetrads

Question 40

2 chromosomes bound together

Answer 40

Bivalents

Question 41

Spindle microtubules move the paired homologous chromosomes to equator of cell

Answer 41

Metaphase I

Question 42

Spindle microtubules pull one duplicated chromosome from each homologous pair to each dividing cell

Answer 42

Anaphase I

Question 43

Spindle microtubules disappear and the nuclear membrane is reformed around each cluster

Answer 43

Telophase I

Question 44

Immediately after Meiosis I, identical to Mitosis

Answer 44

Meiosis II

Question 45

Nuclear membranes reform to enclose each set of chromosomes, cytokinesis takes place

Answer 45

Telophase II

Question 46

Homologous chromosomes come together

Answer 46

Crossing over

Question 47

Line up along equator

Answer 47

Independent assortment

Question 48

Fusion of gametes to form a new diploid individual, increase in genetic variability

Answer 48

Fertilization

Question 49

Number of cells produced through Mitosis

Answer 49

2

Question 50

Number of cells produced through Meiosis

Answer 50

4