UNIT 2: Clicker and Quiz Questions Flashcards
(82 cards)
1
Q
Which of the following properties of water is not correct A. Exhibits surface tension B. It is a polar molecule C. Product of a biochemical reaction D. Has a high specific heat E. All are properties of water
A
E. All are properties of water
2
Q
Which of the following properties of water helps to buffer the internal temperatures of living organisms in the face of changing ambient temperatures? A. Its high heat of vaporization B. Its low freezing point C. It is a polar molecule D. Its high specific heat E. None of the above
A
D. Its high specific heat
3
Q
Nothing is more refreshing on a hot day than an ice cold drink! What property of water accounts for the ability of ice to cool your drink?
A. Its maximum density occurs at 4 degrees C
B. It has a high heat of vaporization
C. It has a high specific heat
D. It has a high heat of latent fusion
E. None of the above
A
D. It has a high heat of latent fusion, takes a lot of calories
4
Q
The process of converting molecular nitrogen into an organic form is called A. Nitrogenation B. Dentrification C. Nitrogen fixation D. Nitrous oxidation E. None of the above
A
C. Nitrogen Fixation
5
Q
The burning of fossil fuels contributes to which of the following environmental problems? A. The thinning of the ozone layer B. Cultural eutrophication C. The destruction of rainforests D. Acid precipitation E. None of the above
A
D. Acid Precipitation
6
Q
The cells walls of fungi are composed of: A. Cellulose B. Collagen C. Glycogen D. Chitin E. None of the above
A
D. Chitin
7
Q
Biological molecules are broken down by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ reactions A. Condensation B. Hydrolysis C. Dehydration D. Polymerization E. None of the above
A
B. Hydrolysis
8
Q
Which of the following is a monosaccharide? A. Cellulose B. Chitin C. Glycogen D. Fructose E. None of the above
A
D. Fructose
9
Q
Lipids are formed by dehydration synthesis in which a molecule of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is joined to one or more fatty acids. A. Glycogen B. Triglyceride C. Glycerol D. Nitrogen E. None of the above
A
C. Glycerol
10
Q
The diagrams below represent a/an _______ group
http://www.quarkology.com/12-chemistry/93-acidic-environment/images/93F-pic-carboxyl-functional-group.jpg
A. Carboxyl
B. Hydroxyl
C. Methyl
D. Amino
E. None of the above
A
A. Carboxyl
11
Q
The element with a triple bond is A. Hydrogen B. Oxygen C. Nitrogen D. Carbon E. None of the above
A
C. Nitrogen
12
Q
Which of the following molecules is amphipathic? A. Wax B. Sucrose C. Cholesterol D. Cellulose E. None of the above
A
C. Cholesterol
13
Q
Which of the following biological molecules play a role in carrying genetic information in all living organisms? A. Proteins B. Polysaccharides C. Phospholipids D. Nucleic Acids E. None of the above
A
D. Nucleic Acids
14
Q
Which of the following proteins shows a quaternary structure? A. Myoglobin B. Myosin C. Keratin D. Hemoglobin E. None of the above
A
D. Hemoglobin
15
Q
All nucleotides are composed of five-carbon sugar, a nitrogen-containing base and a/an... A. Amino group B. Carboxyl group C. Phosphate group D. Hydroxyl E. None of the above
A
C. Phosphate group
16
Q
If a red blood cell were placed in distilled water it would:
A. Shrink due to osmosis
B. Swell and possibly burst
C. Dissolve because water is a polar molecule
D. Clump together with other red blood cells
E. Not be affected since the water is pure
A
B. Swell and probably burst
17
Q
Glucose enters the cell by: A. Active transport B. Simple Diffusion C. Facilitated Diffusion D. Endocytosis E. None of the above
A
C. Facilitated Diffusion
18
Q
Certain types of white blood cells in humans and other vertebrates engulf invading bacteria in a process called: A. Receptor-mediated endocytosis B. Pinocytosis C. Exocytosis D. Phagocytosis E. None of the above
A
D. Phagocytosis
19
Q
Osmosis involves the net movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of:
A. Low water concentration to one of higher water concentration
B. High solute concentration to one of lower concentration
C. Low solute concentration to one of higher solute concentration
D. High tonicity to one of lower tonicity
E. None of the above
A
C. Low solute concentration to one of higher solute concentration
20
Q
Embedded in the bi-lipid of the cell membrane are \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ molecules that function to maintain membrane structural integrity and fluidity A. Peripheral protein B. Cholesterol C. Glycoprotein D. Glycolipid E. None of the above
A
B. Cholesterol
21
Q
Quiz Q: The element chlorine (Cl) has an atomic number of 17; how many electrons are located in the outermost shell of a chlorine ion? A. 2 B. 7 C. 8 D. 17 E. None of the above
A
C. 8
22
Q
Quiz Q: Which of the following is a principal component of arthropod exoskeletons A. Glycogen B. Cellulose C. Starch D. Chitin E. None of the above
A
D. Chitin
23
Q
Quiz Q: A compound with a pH 2 would be a: A. Strong base B. Weak base C. Strong acid D. Weak acid E. None of the above
A
C. Strong acid
24
Q
Quiz Q: A compound with a pH 2 would be a: A. Strong base B. Weak base C. Strong acid D. Weak acid E. None of the above
A
C. Strong acid
25
```
Phospholipids and cholesterol that form cell membranes are manufactured in
A. The Golgi complex
B. Smooth ER
C. Nucleoli
D. Lysosomes
E. None of the above
```
B. Smooth ER
26
```
The _______ has a double membrane construction, a smooth outer membrane plus an inner one that is formed into many deep folds called cristae that enclose a space called the matrix.
A. Mitochondrion
B. Chloroplast
C. Nucleus
D. Ribosome
E. None of the above
```
A. Mitochondrion
27
```
The microfilaments that make up part of the cell cytoskeleton are composed of the protein:
A. Keratin
B. a- & B-tubulin dimers
C. Chitin
D. Actin
E. None of the above
```
D. Actin
28
```
The bacterial cell wall is composed of a polymer called _______, which consists of sugars and amino acids
A. Keratin
B. Peptidoglycan
C. Cellulose
D. Chitin
E. None of the above
```
B. Peptidoglycan
29
```
The binding of _______ to a ligand-gated ion channel in the post synaptic membrane of the neuro-muscular junction allows Na+ ions to cross the membrane causing skeletal muscle to contract.
A. Ca+ ions
B. K+ ions
C. Acetylcholine
D. Norepinephrine
E. None of the above
```
C. Acetylcholine
30
```
During non-competitive inhibition a molecule binds to the _______ site of the enzyme, causing the enzyme's shape to change so that it cannot bind to its substrate
A. Inhibitory
B. Active
C. Enzymatic
D. Allosteric
E. None of the above
```
D. Allosteric
31
```
Adenosine triphosphate is formed by the phosphorylation of:
A. Glucose
B. ATP
C. ADP
D. Glycogen
E. None of the above
```
C. ADP
32
Which of the following would be an exergonic reaction?
A. The phosphorylation of ADP
B. The formation of sucrose from glucose and fructose
C. The formation of ATP by dehydration synthesis
D. The oxidation of glucose
E. None of the above
D. The oxidation of glucose
33
Which of the following statements about enzymes is not correct?
A. They act as biological catalysts
B. They can greatly accelerate reaction rates
C. They increase the activation energy required for reactions
D. They consist of soluble proteins
E. All of the above are true
C. They increase the activation energy required for reactions
34
```
Some compounds prevent an enzyme from functioning because they resemble the substrate and occupy the active site of the enzyme; this is called:
A. Feedback inhibition
B. Allosteric inhibition
C. Protein denaturation
D. Competitive inhibition
E. None of the above
```
D. Competitive inhibition
35
Quiz Q:
If a red blood cell were placed in distilled water it would:
A. Shrink due to osmosis
B. Swell and possibly burst
C. Dissolve
D. Clump together with other red blood cells
E. Not be affected
B. Swell and possibly burst
36
```
Quiz Q:
Phospholipids and cholesterol that form cell membranes are manufactured in the:
A. Golgi complex
B. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
D. Nucleolus
E. None of the above
```
B. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
37
```
Quiz Q:
The cells walls of bacteria are composed primarily of
A. Cellulose
B. Chitin
C. Peptidoglycan
D. Phospholipids
E. None of the above
```
D. Peptidoglycan
38
```
Quiz Q:
Ligand-gated ion channels open in response to the presence of a particular small chemical called a:
A. Receptor Protein
B. Ligand
C. Channel Protein
D. Regulator
E. None of the above
```
A. Receptor protein
39
```
Quiz Q:
In the bilipid layer of cell membranes, the hydrophobic tails of the phospholipid molecules face:
A. The cytoplasm
B. The outside of the cell
C. Each other
D. The hydrophillic heads
E. None of the above
```
C. Each other
40
```
Quiz Q:
Ion gradients across cell membranes are maintained by:
A. Electrochemical diffusion
B. Facilitated diffusion
C. Osmosis
D. Active transport
E. None of the above
```
D. Active transport
41
Why do you need to breathe oxygen?
A. It provides energy to the heart
B. It participates as a reactant in most reactions of cellular metabolism
C. It serves as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain
D. It oxidizes carbons in the Krebs cycle
E. None of the above
C. It serves as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain
42
```
Quiz Q:
During the breakdown of Acetyl-CoA in the Krebs cycle, electrons are released and trapped by:
A. ATP molecules
B. Ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide
C. Pyruvate molecules
D. NAD and FAD molecules
E. None of the above
```
D. NAD and FAD molecules
43
```
Quiz Q:
The NADH and FADH2 molecules produced in the Krebs cycle are used to produce ATPs through the process of:
A. Oxidative phosphorylation
B. Polymerization
C. Reduction
D. Chemiosmosis
E. None of the above
```
A. Oxidative phosphorylation
44
```
Quiz Q:
The hydrogen ions that are pumped out of the mitochondrial matrix during electron transport become a source of energy to phosphorylate:
A. NAD
B. ADP
C. ATP
D. FADH2
E. None of the above
```
B. ADP
45
```
Quiz Q:
In what part of the mitochondrion do the reactions that constitute the Krebs cycle occur?
A. The intermembrane compartment
B. The matrix
C. The inner membrane
D. The protein channels
E. None of the above
```
B. The matrix
46
```
Quiz Q:
In what part of the mitochondrion is the electron transport chain located?
A. The matrix
B. The inner membrane
C. The outer membrane
D. The intermembrane compartment
E. None of the above
```
B. The inner membrane
47
```
Quiz Q:
If oxygen is NOT present in an animal cell, pyruvate is broken down into:
A. Ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide
B. Glucose
C. Acetyl-CoA
D. Lactic acid
E. None of the above
```
D. Lactic acid
48
```
Quiz Q:
Before pyruvate can enter the Krebs cycle, it must first be converted into:
A. Acetyl-CoA
B. Glucose
C. Lactic acid
D. ATP
E. None of the above
```
A. Acetyl-CoA
49
```
Quiz Q:
Without oxygen present, how many total ATPs can be produced from the breakdown of a molecule of glucose (i.e., the net gain)
A. 2
B. 4
C. 32
D. 34
E. None of the above
```
A. 2
50
```
Quiz Q:
During cellular respiration, electrons from NADH and FADH2 and _______ combine with oxygen to form water
A. Acetyl-CoA
B. Hydrogen ions
C. ATP
D. Carbon dioxide
E. None of the above
```
B. Hydrogen ions
51
```
Quiz Q:
During glycolysis, one molecule of glucose is broken down into:
A. Two lactic acid molecules
B. Two pyruvate molecules
C. Four FAD molecules
D. Two ADP molecules
E. None of the above
```
B. Two pyruvate molecules
52
```
Quiz Q:
When a molecule is reduced it
A. Loses electrons
B. Is broken down
C. Gains electrons
D. Loses energy
E. None of the above
```
C. Gains electrons
53
```
Quiz Q:
During the process of chemiosmosis, the energy of hydrogen ions moving down a concentration gradient is harnessed to generate:
A. ATPs
B. ADPs
C. NADs
D. FADH2s
E. None of the above
```
A. ATPs
54
```
Quiz Q:
Which of the following reactants in the process of photosynthesis is reduced?
A. Carbon dioxide
B. Water
C. NADPH
D. ATP
E. None of the above
```
A. Carbon Dioxide
55
```
Quiz Q:
The light-independent reactions of photosynthesis take place in the _______ of the chloroplast
A. Stroma
B. Matrix
C. Thylakoids
D. Mesophyll
E. None of the above
```
A. Stroma
56
```
Quiz Q:
The light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis take place in the _______ of the chloroplast
A. Stroma
B. Matrix
C. Thylakoid membranes
D. Mesophyll
E. None of the above
```
C. Thylakoid membranes
57
Quiz Q:
During photosynthesis, electrons that have left an excited chlorophyll molecule in Photosystem II are replaced by those that have come from:
A. A molecule of chlorophyll in Photosystem I
B. A water molecule
C. An ATP molecule
D. A glucose molecule
E. None of the above
B. Water molecule
58
```
Quiz Q:
The oxygen produced during photosynthesis comes from the breakdown of:
A. Carbon dioxide
B. Glucose
C. Water
D. ATP
E. None of the above
```
C. Water
59
```
Quiz Q:
During the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis, atmospheric carbon dioxide is first combined with ribulose biphosphate (RuBP) to form an unstable six-carbon sugar, which immediately breaks down into two 3-carbon molecules called:
A. RuBP
B. ATP
C. G3P
D. PGA
E. None of the above
```
D. PGA
60
```
Quiz Q:
During the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis, two molecules of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) are combined to form:
A. Glucose
B. RuBP
C. Pyruvate
D. ATP
E. None of the above
```
A. Glucose
61
```
Quiz Q:
The carbons that are used to synthesize glucose during photosynthesis come from:
A. Pyruvate
B. Carbon dioxide
C. Chlorophyll
D. NADP+
E. None of the above
```
B. Carbon dioxide
62
```
Quiz Q:
Within the chloroplast, electron-carrier molecules are embedded in the
A. Outer membrane
B. Inner membrane
C. Thylakoids
D. Stroma
E. None of the above
```
D. Stroma
63
```
Quiz Q:
What color of light is emitted by a wavelength of around 450 nm?
A. Red
B. Yellow
C. Green
D. Blue
E. None of the above
```
D. Blue
64
```
Quiz Q:
Which of the following reactants in the process of photosynthesis gets oxidized?
A. Carbon dioxide
B. Water
C. Glucose
D. NADP+
E. None of the above
```
D. NADP+
65
```
Which of the following molecules results from a polar-covalent bond?
A. Hydrogen (H2)
B. Methane (CH4)
C. Water (H2O)
D. Nitrogen (N2)
E. None of the above
```
C. Water (H2O)
66
```
The element calcium (Ca) has an atomic number of 20; how many electrons are located in the outermost shell of a calcium atom?
A. 2
B. 8
C. 12
D. 20
E. None of the above
```
A. 2
67
```
Which of the following molecules results from the formation of a triple covalent bond?
A. Nitrogen (N2)
B. Oxygen (O2)
C. Hydrogen (H2)
D. Water (H2O)
E. None of the above
```
A. Nitrogen (N2)
68
Osmosis involves the net movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of:
A. Low water concentration to one of higher water concentration
B. High solute concentration to one of lower concentration
C. Low solute concentration to one of higher solute concentration
D. High tonicity to one of lower tonicity
E. None of the above
C. Low solute concentration to one of higher solute concentration
69
```
The bacterial cell wall is composed of a polymer called:
A. Keratin
B. Peptidoglycan
C. Cellulose
D. Chitin
E. None of the above
```
B. Peptidoglycan
70
```
The electrons that leave the excited chlorophyll molecule in Photosystem I are used to reduce:
A. CO2
B. O2
C. ADP
D. H2O
E. NADP+
```
E. NADP+
71
```
Which of the following proteins shows a quaternary structure?
A. Cellulose
B. Chitin
C. Keratin
D. Collagen
E. None of the above
```
D. Collagen
72
```
What is the net gain of ATPs that result from glycolysis of a single molecule of glucose?
A. 2
B. 4
C. 28
D. 32
E. None of the above
```
A. 2
73
```
The oxygen produced by photosynthesis results from the breakdown of:
A. Glucose
B. CO2
C. H2O
D. Chlorophyll
E. None of the above
```
C. H2O
74
```
Carbon fixation during the Calvin Cycle occurs when atmospheric carbon dioxide is combined with _______ to form a six-carbon sugar.
A. ATP
B. RuBisCO
C. RuBP
D. PGA
E. None of the above
```
C. RuBP
75
```
Biological molecules are broken down by _______ reactions.
A. Condensation
B. Hydrolysis
C. Dehydration
D. Polymerization
E. None of the above
```
B. Hydrolysis
76
```
Carbon fixation during the Calvin Cycle is catalyzed by the enzyme:
A. RuBP carboxylase
B. RuBisCO
C. Ribulose kinase
D. ATP synthase
E. None of the above
```
B. RuBisCO
77
```
How many membranes does oxygen need to cross to get from the outside of the cell to the matrix of the mitochondrion?
A. 0
B. 1
C. 2
D. 3
E. 4
```
C. 3
78
Which of the following statements about photosynthesis is correct?
A. Glucose and water are both oxidized
B. Glucose and water are both reduced
C. Glucose is oxidized and oxygen is reduced
D. Water is oxidized and glucose is reduced
E. None of the above
D. Water is oxidized and glucose is reduced
79
```
All nucleotides are composed of five-carbon sugar, a nitrogen- containing base and a:
A. Amino group
B. Carboxyl group
C. Phosphate group
D. Hydroxyl
E. None of the above
```
C. Phosphate group
80
```
During fermentation, pyruvate in animal muscle cells is converted into:
A. ATP
B. CO2
C. Pyruvate
D. Lactic acid
E. None of the above
```
D. Lactic acid
81
```
During the light reactions of photosynthesis, the energy released by the oxidation of NADPH is used to pump hydrogen ions into the _______ of the chloroplast.
A. Intermembrane space
B. Thylakoids
C. Stroma
D. Matrix
E. None of the above
```
B. Thylakoids
82
Which of the following is an endergonic reaction?
A. The conversion of glucose to pyruvate
B. The conversion of NADH to NAD+
C. The conversion of Acetyl CoA to fatty acids
D. The synthesis of ATP from ADP + P
E. None of the above
D. The synthesis of ATP from ADP + P
