PPt.12: Biological Molecules Unit 2

Question 1

Chemistry of carbon-containing compound

Answer 1

Organic Chemistry

Question 2

Long chain molecules

Answer 2

Polymers

Question 3

Process of forming polymers

Answer 3

Polymerization

Question 4

Attach to the carbon backbone and determine the actual properties of an organic compound

Answer 4

Functional Group

Question 5

The process of converting light energy into chemical bond energy

Answer 5

Photosynthesis

Question 6

A type of cleavage reaction that breaks polymers into smaller units (monomers)

Answer 6

Hydrolosis

Question 7

Composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen usually in the proportion 1:2:1

Answer 7

Carbohydrates

Question 8

Simple sugars

Answer 8

Monosaccharides

Question 9

Example of monosaccharide

Answer 9

Fructose

Question 10

An important sugar that is used by your body for energy or to form larger energy-storing and structural polymers

Answer 10

Glucose

Question 11

Double sugars formed from monosaccharides

Answer 11

Disaccharides

Question 12

Disaccharides formed by _______ _______

Answer 12

Dehydration synthesis

Question 13

Hydrogen group represented as

Answer 13

(-H)

Question 14

Hydroxyl group represented as

Answer 14

(-OH)

Question 15

Carboxyl group represented as

Answer 15

(-COOH)

Question 16

Amino group represented as

Answer 16

(-NH2)

Question 17

Phosphate group represented as

Answer 17

(-PO4)

Question 18

Methyl group represented as

Answer 18

(-CH3)

Question 19

Hydrogen group composed of

Answer 19

Almost all organic molecules

Question 20

Hydroxyl group composed of

Answer 20

Carbohydrates, nucleic acids, alcohols and acids

Question 21

Carboxyl group composed of

Answer 21

Amino acids, fatty acids

Question 22

Carboxyl group composed of

Answer 22

Amino acids, fatty acis

Question 23

Amino group composed of

Answer 23

Aminoacids, nucleic acids

Question 24

Phosphate group composed of

Answer 24

Nucleic acids, phospholipids

Question 25

Methyl group composed of

Answer 25

Many organic molecules, lipids

Question 26

acts as a base; found in cells in the ionized form with a charge of 1+

Answer 26

Amino Group

Question 27

If group is at end of the carbon; within a carbon skeleton

Answer 27

Carbonyl Group

Question 28

Acts as an acid because it can donate hydrogen ions

Answer 28

Carboxyl Group

Question 29

Polar, can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules to dissolve polar compounds

Answer 29

Hydroxyl Group and Phosphate Group

Question 30

Enzymes remove an -OH from one molecule and an -H from another, then join to form a water molecule

Answer 30

Condensation Dehydration Synthesis

Question 31

Enzymes remove an -OH from one molecule and an -H from another, then join to form a water molecule

Answer 31

Condensation Dehydration Synthesis

Question 32

Type of cleavage reaction that breaks polymers into smaller units (monomers)

Answer 32

Hydrolysis

Question 33

Composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in proportion 1:2:1

Answer 33

Carbohydrates

Question 34

Double sugars formed from monosaccharides by dehydration synthesis

Answer 34

Disaccharides

Question 35

Complex carbohydrates composed of many simple sugar molecules joined together

Answer 35

Polysaccharides

Question 36

Covalent bonds between two simple sugars within a disaccharide or polysaccharide

Answer 36

Alpha/Beta linkages

Question 37

Easily digested by humans

Answer 37

Alpha

Question 38

Stronger and more stable

Answer 38

Beta

Question 39

Nitrogen containing polysaccharide

Answer 39

Chitin

Question 40

Molecules that share two important features 1) Contain long regions composed almost entirely of hydrogen and carbon atoms joined by non-polar bonds 2) Non-polar regions make _______ hydrophobic and insoluble in water

Answer 40

Lipids

Question 41

Long chains of carbon and hydrogen with a carboxyl group at one end

Answer 41

Fatty acids

Question 42

In blood plasma, come from fats eaten in foods or made in the body

Answer 42

Trigylcerides

Question 43

All carbons occupied with hydrogens, holding as many hydrogens as possible

Answer 43

Saturated fatty acids

Question 44

Have at least one carbon with a double bond, which causes kinks that keep molecules apart, maintaining liquid state

Answer 44

Unsaturated fatty acids

Question 45

Fats produced by heating liquid vegetable oils in presence of hydrogen known as hydrogenation

Answer 45

Trans fatty acids

Question 46

Hard at room temperature, not a source of energy

Answer 46

Waxes

Question 47

Form a lipid bilayer that serves as a boundary between cells and external environment

Answer 47

Phospholipids

Question 48

Contains a hydrophilic and hydrophobic portion

Answer 48

Amphipathic

Question 49

Water loving

Answer 49

Hydrophilic

Question 50

Water fearing or resistant

Answer 50

Hydrophobic

Question 51

Different because they are composed of four rings of carbon fused together with various functional groups attached

Answer 51

Steroids | Ex. Cholesterol, non-polar

Question 52

Most important function is to serve as enzymes, biological catalysts that guide most chemical reactions in the body

Answer 52

Proteins

Question 53

How do you know whether or not the amino acid is hydrophilic or hydrophobic?

Answer 53

If side chains (R groups) consist mainly of hydrogens and carbons they are hydrophobic

Question 54

Result chain of two amino acids

Answer 54

Peptide

Question 55

Refers to linear sequence of amino acids

Answer 55

Primary Structure

Question 56

Hydrogen bonding occurs between atoms of polypeptide backbone

Answer 56

Secondary Structure

Question 57

Coiled spiral

Answer 57

Helix

Question 58

Oxygen-binding protein found in muscle tissue of vertebrates

Answer 58

Myoglobin

Question 59

Complex, 3 dimensional arrangement protein chains

Answer 59

Tertiary Structure

Question 60

2 cysteine amino acids found together with a strong double bond

Answer 60

Disulphide bonds

Question 61

2 oppositely charged 'R' groups found close together

Answer 61

Ionic bonds

Question 62

Several polypeptide chains formed together Ex. Hemoglobin

Answer 62

Quaternary Structure

Question 63

One of the most abundant proteins in vertebrates

Answer 63

Collagen

Question 64

Composed of necleotides, 3 part structure

Answer 64

Nucleic Acids

Question 65

Contains proteins

Answer 65

RNA

Question 66

Carry and store energy

Answer 66

Adenosine Triphosphate, ATP