PPt.13: Cell Structure & Function Unit 2

Question 1

All living things are composed of cells

Answer 1

Cell theory

Question 2

Most of cells metabolic activity occurs here

Answer 2

Cytoplasm

Question 3

Integral membrane proteins are suspended individually in the fluid phospholipid bilayer

Answer 3

Fluid mosaic model

Question 4

Attached to integral proteins or membrane lipids on cytoplasmic side of membrane

Answer 4

Peripheral Proteins

Question 5

Used to distinguish your own cells from those of disease-causing microbes

Answer 5

Recognition Proteins

Question 6

Deliver chemical messages that act like switches to turn certain cell functions on or off when certain substances bind to them

Answer 6

Receptor Proteins

Question 7

Involves the movement of substances from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration

• passive process
• oxygen diffuses into red blood cells while CO2 diffuses out

Answer 7

Simple diffusion

Question 8

A special case of diffusion involving the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane in response to differences in solute concentrations on either side of the membrane
-Low solute concentration to high

Answer 8

Osmosis

Question 9

Relative concentration of solutes on either side of cell membrane

Answer 9

Tonicity

Question 10

One in which the concentration of solutes is the same on inside and outside of cell

Answer 10

Isotonic solution

Question 11

(fresh water) the concentration of solutes is lower than that of the inside of the cell

Answer 11

Hypotonic solution

Question 12

(salt water) the concentration of solutes is higher than that of the inside of the cell

Answer 12

Hypertonic solution

Question 13

Channel proteins in cell membranes that allow water to pass through the membrane

Answer 13

Aquaporins

Question 14

Although gases pass easily through cell membranes by simple diffusion, most water-soluble molecules cannot cross the lipid bilayer

Answer 14

Facilitated diffusion

Question 15

Form pores in the bilipid layer through which certain ions can pass

Answer 15

Channel proteins

Question 16

Stable membrane

Answer 16

Resting potential

Question 17

Grab onto a specific kind of molecule on one side of the membrane and carry to other side
-must bind to solute

Answer 17

Carrier proteins

Question 18

Insulin-regulated glucose transporter

Answer 18

Glut4

Question 19

Although passive transport is efficient and requires no energy, sometimes it is necessary to move ions or molecules against a concentration gradient

Answer 19

Active Transport

Question 20

The sum of the concentrations of the various ions, proteins and other organic compounds inside the cell

Answer 20

Osmolarity

Question 21

Sometimes cells must take in particles or droplets of fluid that are too large to move across a cell membrane by either passive or active transport

Answer 21

Endocytosis

Question 22

Membraneous sac

Answer 22

Vesicle

Question 23

Engulfing particular material

Answer 23

Phagocytosis

Question 24

Engulfing liquid material

Answer 24

Pinocytosis

Question 25

Process highly specific and fast

Answer 25

Receptor mediated

Question 26

Cells create wastes or synthesized compounds to the outside

Answer 26

Exocytosis

Question 27

In eukaryotic cells, controls and regulates most cellular activity

Answer 27

Nucleus

Question 28

Composed of DNA and proteins which contain genes that control activities of cells

Answer 28

Chromosomes

Question 29

Ribosomes are manufactured here

Answer 29

Nucleoli

Question 30

Composed of RNA and proteins, "work bench"

Answer 30

Ribosomes

Question 31

Series of interconnected, membrane-bound channels that pass from nuclear membrane through the cytoplasm

Answer 31

Endoplasmic Reticulum ER

Question 32

Coated with ribosomes which make proteins

Answer 32

Rough ER

Question 33

Phospholipids and cholesterol form membranes and are found here

Answer 33

Smooth ER

Question 34

Packages proteins inside the cell before they are sent to their destination

Answer 34

Golgi apparatus

Question 35

Membrane-bound packages

Answer 35

Vesicle

Question 36

Stacks of membrane-bound structures' secretory pathway

Answer 36

Cisternae

Question 37

Digestive enzymes that can break down complex biological molecules into component subunits

Answer 37

Lysosomes

Question 38

Fluid-filled spaces found in plants and animals

Answer 38

Vacuoles

Question 39

In plants, occupies most of the space in mature cell and stores waste products

Answer 39

Central Vacuole

Question 40

Excretes excess water, enters by osmosis

Answer 40

Contractile vacuole

Question 41

Powerhouses, energy is extracted from food molecules and stored in high-energy bonds of ATP, Double membrane and inner membrane

Answer 41

Mitochondria

Question 42

Deep folds on inner layer

Answer 42

Cristae

Question 43

Organelles found in plants cells that contain pigments and enzymes necessary for converting sunlight energy into chemical bond energy during photosynthesis

Answer 43

Chloroplasts

Question 44

Green, light-absorbing pigment

Answer 44

Chlorophyll

Question 45

Stacks of structures in third membrane

Answer 45

Thylakoid

Question 46

Fluid around thylakoid stacks

Answer 46

Stroma

Question 47

Network of fibers and microtubules composed of proteins contained within cell's cytoplasm, provides shape and support for cell, anchors organelles, used in vesicle transport

Answer 47

Cytoskeleton

Question 48

Thin moveable extensions of the plasma membrane made of microtubules that allow some cells to move through liquid medium

Answer 48

Cilia and Flagella

Question 49

Outside of the plasma membrane in bacteria, fungi and plants is a rigid, non-living structure that provides support and protection for cells

Answer 49

Cell Wall

Question 50

Small holes that allow transport and communication

Answer 50

Plasmodesmata

Question 51

Polymer in bacteria cells only consisting of sugar and amino acids

Answer 51

Peptidoglycan

Question 52

Eukaryotes arose by a fusion of several small, specialized prokaryotes into a larger, unspecialized one that benefited from the union

Answer 52

Endosymbiont Theory

Question 53

Why don't Na+ ions cross plasma membrane all the time?

Answer 53

They can't get through semi-permeable plasma membrane

Question 54

What would make Na+ ions want to go into the cell?

Answer 54

Na+ ion concentrations are higher outside a cell than inside a cell (concentration gradient)

Question 55

Travel from one neuron and bind to the plasma membrane of the next

Answer 55

Neurotransmitters

Question 56

Released at neuromuscular junctions

Answer 56

Acetylcholine

Question 57

Released from neurons

Answer 57

Norepinephrine

Question 58

Contains rough ER and Golgi

Answer 58

Nerve cell body

Question 59

Conduct nerve impulses toward nerve cell body

Answer 59

Dendrites

Question 60

Conducts electrical impulses away from nerve cell body clostridium botulinum block release of acetylcholine from neurons inhibiting exocytosis of transport vesicles containing acetylcholine

Answer 60

Axon