Practice 1 Flashcards
What benign neoplasm stains with Glut-1?
Infantile hemangioma
- if mom underwent chronic villi sampling, it could increase risk of these strawberry hemangiomas
What mutation is associated with Port wine stain?
GNAQ
does not stain with Glut 1 like infantile hemangioma!
How do glucocorticosteroids work?
Inhibition of NF-kappa B
What disease causes increased pigmentation?
addisons disease
*darker skin than sister.
What is seborrheic dermatitis associated with?
Neuro disorders (parkinsons)
Head trauma
PTSD
HIV
When you see “velvet neck” think ___________
- what can cause it?
Acanthosis nigricans
- familial obesity endocrinopathies drugs cancer ***red flag - rapid weight loss
night sweat, red spot on palms (janeway lesions), osler nodes, black streaks in nails (hemorrhagic splinters)
infective endocarditis
tightness around mouth, SOB, salt and pepper changes, raynauds
- what disease can it be?
- how can you dx it?
systemic scleroderma
ANA+ in 80-90%
- that poor lady in clinic
- pulm/card involvement
itchy rash with ulcers with white lace around in the mouth (mucosa)
- How can you make sure?
lichen planus
Look for the signs “4 Ps of lichen planus”
- puritic
- polygonal
- purple papule
What do we have to worry about for lichen planus?
hepatitis C
If a pt was suspected of nec fasc –> was treated –> gets worse, what is the disease probably?
pyoderma gangrenosum
(expanding ulcer)
- pathergy: the more you injure it the more it gets worse
Pathergy
- what is it
- what disease is associated with it?
The more you injure it, the more it gets worse
- pyoderma gangrenosum
Most pts 50-70% of pts with pyoderma gangrenosum have what underlying condition?
inflammatory bowel disease
- 2nd most common is ulcerative colitis or crohns
Nails are curled in
- name
koilonychia
wood grain on the chest, think ________
lung cancer
Shawl sign, think ______
dermatomyositis
Which viruses require RdRp?
All (-) strand RNA viruses and double-strand RNA viruses
Viral attachment and subsequent entry into cells generally occurs through specific or non-specific interactions with the lipid by-layer??
Specific (otherwise we would be double screwed) think about their glycoproteins!
How do interferons respond to viral infxns?
Interferons induce cellular resistance to viral replication
- IFNs (interferes with viral infection of neighboring cells) which induces the anti-viral state.
Are Interferons generally directly toxic to viruses?
no
Interferons induce cellular resistance to viral replication
- IFNs (interferes with viral infection of neighboring cells) which induces the anti-viral state.
Adverse Drug Reactions of acyclovir
IV → Encephalopathy Renal toxicity w. IV route
What do plaque assays measure?
A. Infectivity of a sample
acute local disease (ie: common cold)
- incubation period
- virus shedding and transmission
- host responses
- likelihood of re-infection
- incubation period: short
- virus shedding and transmission: many serotypes are rapidly mutating, resulting in short lived immunity
- host responses: secretory IgA
- likelihood of re-infection: common
acute systemic disease (ie: measles)
- incubation period
- virus shedding and transmission
- host responses
- likelihood of re-infection
- incubation period: long
- virus shedding and transmission: primary infxn in epithelium but can result in 2nd replication sites
- host responses: secretory IgA and serum IgG
- likelihood of re-infection: low
